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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the 7 microbial interactions
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mutualism cooperation commensalism predation parasitism amensalism and competition
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What is the difference between Mutualism and cooperation?
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Mutualism is obligatory. Cooperation is not.
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What is the difference between commensalism and amensalism?
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One benefits in commensalism, one is ‘hurt’ in amensalism
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How do ruminants acquire nutrients?
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They ferment plants in a compartment to digestion
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What type of microbial interaction do ruminants use?
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Mutualism
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Where do the microbes in ruminants live?
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Rumen
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What do syntrophic relationships typically involve?
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Carbon and nitrogen/sulfur cycles
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Biofilms use what kind of microbial interaction?
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Commensalism
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Where can a predator attack from?
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Inside or outside of the prey cell
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What is the difference between predation and parasitism?
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Parasitism usually doesn’t kill the host. Predation usually DOES kill the host.
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What type of microbial interaction lies between commensalism and predation, and why?
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Parasitism. It harms the host but doesn’t usually kill it.
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What is the hallmark of a parasitic relationship?
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The host grows better without the parasite
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What is ammensalism based on?
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The release of a specific compound
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What are the two outcomes of competition?
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One outcompetes the other for the sites resources, or both coexist at lower levels because they share the same limiting resource
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What is larger, the human microbiome, or the human genome?
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Microbiome!
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When do superorganisms emerge, and what are they?
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They emerge when the gene metabolic process of the host become integrated with the symboint. They’re a blend of host/microbial traits where the host and microbial cells co-metabolize various substrates resulting in unique products.
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What is the normal microbiota interaction with a human? A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Cooperation
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Mutualism probably is where the new data is pointing
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What is the ability to produce pathological change or disease?
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Pathogenicity
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What do normal microbiota vary depending on?
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Anatomical site, age, sex, diet.
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Does an unborn baby have a microbiota?
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No.
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How is a baby inoculated with a microbiota?
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During the birthing process
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What can disrupt the balance of microbiota in a human?
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Antibiotic treatments
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Are microbiota usually harmful or helpful, and why?
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Helpful. Bacteria produce vitamins B and K in the gut, and we give them a safe place with nutrients. Bacteria also prevent colonization by pathogens.
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Why do normal microbiota prevent colonization by pathogens
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If they are taking up a space in the body, a pathogen won’t be able to get onto the human.
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What is dangerous about our normal microbiota?
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They can become pathonegenic if the host is compromised or debilitated host with a lowered resistance to infection (immunocompromised host)
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