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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes
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The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity.
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Chromosomes
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A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, or as a circular strand of DNA (or RNA in some viruses) in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the mitochondrion and chloroplast of certain eukaryotes.
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Genetic Material
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The genetic material of a cell or an organism refers to those materials found in the nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm, which play a fundamental role in determining the structure and nature of cell substances, and capable of self-propagating and variation.
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Protein
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A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen.
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DNA
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A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function.
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Bacteriophage
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A virus capable of infecting a bacterial cell, and may cause lysis to its host cell.
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Centrifugation
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he process of separating fractions of systems in a centrifuge. The most basic separation is to sediment a pellet at the bottom of the tube, leaving a supernatant at a given centrifugal force.
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Purine
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a heterocyclic compound with a fused pyrimidine/imidazole ring. Planar and aromatic in character. The parent compound for the purine bases of nucleic acids.
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Adenine
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a nitrogenous base, one member of the basepair a-T (thymine). (biochemistry)Purine base found in dna paired with thymine, in rna paired withuracil.
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Guanine
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A purine base found in dna and RNA; pairs with cytosine.One of the four bases, one of the constituent bases of nucleic acids, nucleosides and nucleotides.
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Pyrimidine
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heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They are planar and aromatic in character and include several nucleic acid constituents (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.
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Cytosine
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a pyrimidine base found in dna and rna that pairs with guanine.
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Thymine
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A base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine.One of the four bases of a nucleotide that are found in DNA. Thymine is paired with adenine in DNA sequences and is replaced by uracil in mRNA.
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Chargaff's Rule
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n dna the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units; likewise, the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units
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Helical
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Helix, a coil in the shape of a coil.Pertaining to the appearance of a helix structure.
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Base Pairs
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two strands of dna are held together in the shape of a double helix by the bonds between base pairs.
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Double Helix
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A conformation or shape describing a structure that typically consists of two matching helices intertwined about a common axis, such as the structure of the DNAmolecule, which is made of two linear strands held together in opposite direction through chemical bonds, and which has become twisted into a helix (that is a three-dimensional spiral
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