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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The four functions of the respiratory systems are:
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Gas exchange
Protection from pollutants and pathogens Acid/Base Balance Voice Production |
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External vs Internal Respiration
Gas exchange btwn lungs & bld Gas xchg btwn blood & cells |
Lungs & Bld = external
Bld & cells = internal |
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What acts via β2 receptors to relax smooth muscle?
Give 1 example |
Sympathetics
Albuterol for asthma |
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What acts via acetylcholine (muscarinic) receptors to constrict smooth muscle?
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Parasympathetics
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What inibits acetylcholine receptors?
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Muscarinic antagonists
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What is Vt?
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Tidal volume-air inspired or expired during normal respiration
500mL |
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What is IRV
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Inspiratory reserve volume
~3000mL amt of air that can be inpired at the end of a normal inspiration |
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What is ERV
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Expiratory reserve volume- amt of air that can be expired at the end of a normal expiration
~1000mL |
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What is RV
Can it be measured using a spirometer? |
Residual volume
Amt remaining in the lungs after a force expiration No |
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Total lung capacity
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Vt + IRV + ERV + RV
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Vital capacity
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Vt+IRV+ERV
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Total lung capacity
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Vt + IRV + ERV + RV
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Fx residual capacity?
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ERV+RV
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Inspiratory capacity
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IRV, Vt
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Anatomical dead space, is the volume of air in the conducting zone. If a person weighs 200lbs, how big is their anatomical dead space?
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200mL
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Alveolar dead space, in a healthy person, ie alveoli that don't participate in gas exchange
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is equal to zero
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Physiological dead space is the sum of alveolar dead spaced and anatomical dead space. When is this sum larger than anatomical dead space?
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Only in pathology
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What is the measure of how volume changes due to chg in pressure?
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Compliance
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What is a normal value of compliance?
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0.13liters/cmH2O
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What if compliance is much lower or much higher?
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Pathology
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In emphasema is it is easier to inflate the lung tissue due to:
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Decreased elastase
and causes increased compliance |
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Compliance, the change in volume divided by the change in pressure. What helps compliance?
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Surfactant from Type II Pneumocytes
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In emphysema lung volumes increase as does...
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compliance
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Fibrosis, a stiffening of the lung tissue, causes
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decreased compliance and decreased lung volume
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Infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by
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lack of surfactant, which can cause the lungs to collapse.
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What causes the pressure change to move air in the lungs?
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Volume change due to inpiratory muscles
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Asthma, Emphysema, Fibrosis
Which will have normal FVC? Which will have an increased FVC? Which will have a decreased FVC? |
None
Emphasema Asthma and Fibrosis |
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What will be the effects on FEV1 for Asthma, Emphysema, Fibrosis?
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Decreased FEV1: Emphysema and asthma, and fibrosis
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What is more soluble in water/blood? Water or CO2?
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CO2
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What is SaO2?
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percent of Hb fully saturated with O2
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O2 capacity?
02 content? |
greatest amt of O2 that can be carried in 100mL of blood
amt of O2carried in 100mL of blood |
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What is the strongest stimulus for respiration?
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Build up of CO2
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Where is the respiratory center that shapes breathing?
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The medulla
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Where is the respiratory center that controls voluntary aspects of breathing?
Emotional aspects of breathing? |
Cerebral Cortex
Hypothalamus |
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The _________ Effect, is when more CO2 will be released from Hb due to more O2 being bound
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Haldane
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Compliance in emphysema will typically increase
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2x
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Normally Palv is less than Patm, otherwise:
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atelectasis, lung colapse
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