Exam 3 Anthropology

Front 1

Food production, as opposed to foraging, is a phenomenon of the past 20,000 years:

Back 1

False

Front 2

Wild wheat and barley were important stable foods for forager groups in the highland and river valleys of the fertile crescent:

Back 2

True

Front 3

The greatest climate and vegetation changes after the retreat of the ice sheets took place in the Northern latitudes:

Back 3

True

Front 4

After 10,000 B.C., human population in some areas began to match or exceed the natural carrying capacity of the land:

Back 4

True

Front 5

Native American societies, unlike others, did not develop any special expertise with wild plant foods:

Back 5

False

Front 6

Holocene foragers compensated for periodic food shortages by using storage and careful seasonal exploitation of game, plant, and aquatic resources:

Back 6

True

Front 7

As people settled down, one found in all places a much greater dependence on freshwater and marine resources:

Back 7

False

Front 8

At the end of the Ice Age, foragers in drought-prone subtropical areas of Southwestern Asia and highland Mesopotamia were more intensively exploiting potentially domesticable wild grass and root plants:

Back 8

True

Front 9

Flotation allows the recovery of seeds from excavated material:

Back 9

True

Front 10

Individual seeds or bits of root cannot be accurately dated by AMS method:

Back 10

False

Front 11

Many variables must be studied and understood before we can determine what agriculture was first seen as a profitable task, as central rather than peripheral:

Back 11

True

Front 12

The causes behind deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals are well understood:

Back 12

False

Front 13

Food production automatically led to urbanization and the rise of civilization:

Back 13

False

Front 14

Food production brought greater social complexity and new technologies:

Back 14

True

Front 15

The development of agriculture dramatically improved human health:

Back 15

False

Front 16

Archaeological data recovery is now routinely combined with:

Back 16

Data from other sciences

Front 17

Gordon Childe the development of village farming the Agricultural or _______________ Revolution:

Back 17

Neolithic

Front 18

As people became successful farmers, the demand for _______________ grew:

Back 18

Exotic raw material

Front 19

As people settled down and farmed, trade networks:

Back 19

Grew wider

Front 20

The Koster site is important for studying food production because:

Back 20

It shows the evolution of a wide range of food resource use through time

Front 21

Indication of social complexity among the Chumash include:

Back 21

1.) Hereditary chiefs
2.) Shamans
3.) Expert canoe builders

Front 22

Two prerequisites for social complexity are:

Back 22

Higher population densities and larger base camps

Front 23

The use of _______________, _________________, and _________________ is a multidisciplinary approach that has provided detailed environmental data about early farming:

Back 23

Pollen samples, oceanic cores, and tree ring dating

Front 24

_______________ revolutionized our knowledge of ancient farming:

Back 24

Flotation

Front 25

Archeological data is now routinely combined with:

Back 25

Data from other sciences

Front 26

The Kumeyaay Indians _______________ their landscape by planting trees at high altitudes and desert plants below. This became a pre adaptation to farming.

Back 26

Domesticated

Front 27

When a permanent community lives year round at one place, it is:

Back 27

Sedentary

Front 28

Some groups adopted agriculture later than others because they had:

Back 28

Much game and many edible plant species

Front 29

Food production led to new technologies for storage and _______________:

Back 29

Transportation

Front 30

Features found at early farming sites, but not early hunting sites, include:

Back 30

Clay-lined pots

Front 31

In early villages where folks built homes of _______________, their homes were_______________.

Back 31

Mud-brick, permanent

Front 32

With the onset of agriculture, the concept of ________________ arose:

Back 32

Land ownership

Front 33

_______________, a technique for the recovery of seed and pollen, allows for the development of botanical data:

Back 33

Flotation

Front 34

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS radiocarbon dating) is used to:

Back 34

Date objects that are almost microscopic (a single seed)

Front 35

Robert Braidwood argued that agriculture started on the _______________ of southwestern Asia:

Back 35

Hilly flanks

Front 36

The nutritional differences between farmers and foragers reveal that:

Back 36

Foragers ate a better balanced diet

Front 37

Early farmers used fewer animals and plants than their foraging ancestors:

Back 37

True

Front 38

The spread of food production across the globe took about _______________ years:

Back 38

8,000

Front 39

Some animals are easier to domesticate than others. Among their traits are:

Back 39

Sociability

Front 40

In order to domesticate an animal, humans had to:

Back 40

Constrain its movement and regulate its breeding

Front 41

The first 2 animal species to be domesticated in southwestern Asia were:

Back 41

Goats and Sheep

Front 42

Tapping is an effective way of harvesting wild grains because the grain is attached to the stem by a brittle joint called:

Back 42

Rachis

Front 43

According to Gordon Hillman, conscious selection of non-shattering grain could have been accomplished in ________________ years.

Back 43

3-4

Front 44

Domestication implies _______________ emphasizing features of continuing use to members of a given culture.

Back 44

Genetic selection

Front 45

As the climate around Abu Hureya dried up before 10,200 B.C., its inhabitants turned to foraging for:

Back 45

Cereal grains

Front 46

When the people of Abu Hureya first began to occupy the site, they lived in _______________ with reed roofs, but their housing improved until it consisted of _______________. This occurred with the shift in their substance base.

Back 46

Pit houses, one story mud houses

Front 47

Carrying heavy loads on their heads resulted in _______________ vertebrae in some people of Abu Hureya.

Back 47

Enlarged

Front 48

Kneeling, tucking toes under the foot, to grind grain and do other tasks tends to cause:

Back 48

Arthritis

Front 49

Jericho yields evidence of _______________ in the form of human skulls with plastered faces.

Back 49

Ancestor Worship

Front 50

_______________ is one of the best known, earliest farming villages excavated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran.

Back 50

Abu Hureya

Front 51

The village of Alli Kosh documents _______________ years of farming and herding in Mesopotamia and shows a striking continuity in seasonal herding patterns.

Back 51

2,000

Front 52

Some of the best evidence we have of the cattle herders of the Sahara Desert c. 6000 B.C. is:

Back 52

Their art

Front 53

The best-known early European farming culture, called Bandkeramik after its distinct line-decorated pottery, first appeared in the _______________ valley around 5300 B.C.

Back 53

Middle Danube

Front 54

Defensive measures against raiders were required at many agricultural communities; the defensive mechanism adopted by the families of Catalhoyuk included:

Back 54

Outside walls of mud brick houses with rooftop entries

Front 55

The subsistence strategy adopted by European farmers was based on food supplies provided by:

Back 55

Individual households

Front 56

The archaeological remains of a Bandkeramik settlement would include:

Back 56

Artifacts, rubbish pits, and posthole features

Front 57

Fine-grained excavation practices now enable researchers to document:

Back 57

Foraging practices

Front 58

North Chinese agriculture is based on _______________ instead of rice:

Back 58

Millet

Front 59

The best-known early farming culture of China is the _______________.

Back 59

Yangshao

Front 60

Yangtze River sites show increasing social complexity based on artifacts from:

Back 60

Graves

Front 61

Based on _______________, wild and domesticated rice were eaten at Xianrendong cave.

Back 61

Phytoliths

Front 62

Radiocarbon analysis of the San Marcos cave maize cobs date them to _______________ B.C., but the San Andreas date, _______________, is still earlier.

Back 62

3600, 5100

Front 63

Andean farmers domesticated animals, including the:

Back 63

Guinea pig

Front 64

Well-documented potato tubers come from midden sites dating back to _______________ B.C., at the mouth of the Casma River Valley on the Peruvian Coast.

Back 64

2,000

Front 65

Potatoes were cultivated at least as early as _______________, if not earlier.

Back 65

2000 B.C.

Front 66

Sedentary Peruvian coastal folk depend more on _______________ than farming:

Back 66

Abundant fish and sea mammals

Front 67

When one considers agricultural communities, it is remarkable:

Back 67

They so quickly produced state-organized societies and elaborate chiefdoms

Front 68

Domestication rarely increases mutual interdependence of animals and humans:

Back 68

False

Front 69

We will likely find transitional forms between wild and domesticated grains:

Back 69

Fase

Front 70

As a result of village life and farming, Jordan and Euphrates valley populations increased, over 2000 years, from a few thousand to tens of thousands.:

Back 70

True

Front 71

The early village (9000 B.C.) of Abu Hureya had a settlement pattern of narrow lanes, courtyards, and rectangular mud-brick houses:

Back 71

True

Front 72

Domestication marks animal bones in a way that shows the existence of herding:

Back 72

False

Front 73

In searching for the cause of arthritic conditions among the Abu Hureya villagers, biological anthropologists have used text aids (e.g. tomb paintings):

Back 73

True

Front 74

Sea mammals were often domesticated because by the time of the Neolithic, ocean-going vessels were being produced by the people of Levant:

Back 74

False

Front 75

Unlike their counterparts in southwestern Asia, Egyptian farmers turned to farming wheat and barley:

Back 75

True

Front 76

Men herded cattle in the region of the Sahara highlands, letting them graze on grasslands along the shores of shallow lakes:

Back 76

True

Front 77

Early on, European farmers integrated cultivation of plants and animal rearing:

Back 77

True

Front 78

Bandkeramik villages tended to be rather large, with 600 or more inhabitants:

Back 78

False

Front 79

By using ethnographic analogy, communal tombs and sepulchers in early farming communities, archaeologists infer ancestors were guardians of land:

Back 79

True

Front 80

Diffusion, not independent invention, was the mechanism for the onset of farming in Europe:

Back 80

True

Front 81

Archaeologists have a complete picture of the domestication of rice:

Back 81

False