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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This rib is the:
- highest - broadest - most sharply curved |
The first rib
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The ____ of a rib usually articulates with vertebral bodies.
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the head
Ribs 1, 11 and 12 articulate with only one vertebral body |
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The _____ of a rib articulates with the transverse costal facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number
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tubercle
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The fiber direction of the _____ ________ muscle is perpendicular to the fiber direction of the external intercostal
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internal intercostal muscles
The innermost intercostal muscles also travel in same direction |
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Performed in the midaxillary line or slightly posterior to it.
Performed in intercostal space 6,7 or 8. The needle is inserted low in the intercostal space to avoid injury to the intercostal nerve and vessels |
Pleural tap (thoracocentesis)
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Posterior to the sixt or seventh costal cartilage, the internal thoracic artery divides into the:
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1. Superior epigastric artery
2. Musculophrenic artery |
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This approach does not cross major vessels.
Allows god access to the heart. Closed with stainless steel wires. |
Anterior surgical approach to the thoracic wall
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In this approach,
An intercostal space is incised to provide access to the lungs or to strucutres posterior to the heart |
Lateral approach to the thoracic wall.
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Bounded by the:
1. Manubrium of the sternum 2. The right and left first ribs 3. The body of the first thoracic vertebra |
Superior thoracic aperature (thoracic inlet)
The trachea, esophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct and major blood vessels pass through here |
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Bounded by the:
1. Xiphisternal joint 2. Costal margin 3. Ribs 11 and 12 4. Vetebral body of T12 |
Inferior thoracic aperature (thoracic outlet)
The aorta, inferior vena cava,esophagus and vagus nerves pass through here. |
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Lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall
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Costal pleura
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Extends superior to the first rib
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Cervical pleura (cupula)
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1.Costal pleura
2. Mediastinal pleura 3. Diaphragmatic pleura 4. Cervical pleura (cupula) |
Form the parietal pleura
Sharply folded where the: - Costal pleura meets the diaphragmatic pleura. - Costal pleura meets the mediastinal pleura. |
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Acute
The inner surfaces of the parietal pleura in contact with one another |
Folds (lines) of parietal reflection
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Areas where parietal pleural contacts parietal pleura
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Pleural recesses.
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During quiet inspiration, the inferior border of the lung does not extend into the _________________ recess
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costodiaphragmatic recess
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A small amount of connective tissue between the thoracic wall and costal parietal pleura.
Provides a cleavage plane for surgical separation of the pleural from the thoracic wall |
Endothoracic fascia
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At the root of the lung, the visceral pleura becomes continuous with the _________ pleura.
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mediastinal
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The space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura.
A potential space and visceral pleura touches the parietal pleura. |
The pleural cavity
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The _______ fissure lies deep to the fifth rib laterally.
It is deep to the sixth costal cartilage anteriorly |
Oblique fissure.
On both lungs |
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The ____ fissure lies deep to the fourth rib and fourth costal cartilage.
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horizontal fissure.
On the right lung only |
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The ____ of the lung occupies the cupulua of the pleura.
Both rise as high as the neck of the first rib (superior to the body of the first rib. |
apex.
The apex and the cupula of the pleura lie supieror to the plane of the superior thoaraci aperature. They are located in the neck |
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The prhenic nerve and pericardicophrenic vessels pass ____ to the root of the lung.
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anterior
They also pass medial (deep) to the mediastinal pleura. |
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The vagus nerve passes ______ to the root of the lung
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posterior
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The _______ notch is located on the anterior border of the left lung.
In the anatomical position it is anterior to the heart |
cardiac notch
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The _______ is the homolog of the middle lobe of the right lung.
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lingula.
It is the inferior, medial portion of the superior left lobe |
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Impressions of this lung:
- Cardiac - Esophagus - Arch of the azygos vein - Superior vena cava |
Right lung
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Impressions of this lung:
- Cardiac impression - Aortic arch impression - Thoracic aorta impression |
Left lung
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1. Superior border of the pericardium
2. Bifurcation of the trachea 3. End of the ascending aorta 4. Beginning and end of the arch of the aorta 5. Beginning of the thoracic aorta |
Landmarks that mark the level of the sternal angle
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The outer surface is fibrous
The inner surface is serous and smooth. Attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm. |
THe pericardium
The heart moves with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration |
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Connects the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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Located inferior to the aortic arch.
Posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum |
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Borders of the heart
Right border |
formed by the right atrium
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Borders of the heart
Inferior border |
Formed by the right ventricle and a small part of the left ventricle
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Borders of the heart
Left border |
Formed by the left ventricle
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Borders of the heart
Superior border |
Formed by the right and left atria and auricles
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The _____ of the heart is part of the left ventricle.
Normally located deep to the left fifth intercostal space. |
apex of the heart
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The _____ of the heart is formed by the left atrium and part of the right atrium.
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base of the heart
Clinicians often refer to the emergence of the great vessels from the heart as its base. |
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The line of reflection of parietal serous fluid to visceral serous pericardium occurs at the ____ of the great vessels
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roots of the great vessels
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Name the sulcus:
Runs around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles |
Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
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Name the sulcus:
Indicate the location of the interventricular septum. Join the coronary sulcus at a right angle. |
The anterior and posterior atrioventricular sulci
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Surfaces of the heart (not border)
Formed mainly by the right ventricle |
Sternocostal (anterior) surface
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Surfaces of the heart (not border)
Formed mainly by the left ventricel and a small part of the right ventricle |
Diaphargmatic (inferior) surface
The coronary sinus runs through here |
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Surfaces of the heart (not border)
Formed mainly by the left ventricle. In contact with the cardiac impression of the left lung |
Pulmonary (left) surface.
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These vessels are located between the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and the muscular surface of the heart.
Located in the coronary and interventricular sulci. |
Cardiac arteries and veins
Veins are superficial to arteries |
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A dilated portion of the venous system
Located in the coronary sulcus and on the diaphargmatic surface of the heart. |
Coronary sinus
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This vein courses from the apex of the heart toward the coronary sinus in the anterior IV sulcus
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The great cardiac vein
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This vein courses in the posterior IV sulcus
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middle cardiac vein
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These veins bridge the atrioventricular sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Drain the anterior wall of the right ventricle. Direclty drains into the right atrium. |
Anterior coronary arteries
Pass superficial to the right coronary artery |
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This valve has:
Right Left Posterior semilunar cusps |
Aortic valve.
Behind each valve cusp is a pocket called an aortic sinus (right, left and posterior) |
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The LAD accompanies the ______ vein down the anterior interventricular sulcus
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great vein
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The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery accompaneies the ______ sinus in the coronary sulcus.
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coronary sinus
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Sinuatrial nodal branch comes from which coronary artery?
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The right coronary artery
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The _______ branch of the right coronary artery travels with the small cardiac vein along the inferior border of the heart
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Marginal branch
Inferior border = right ventricle and part of left ventricle) |
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When the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus reaches the posterior IV sulcus, it gives rise to the posterior IV branch.
It courses along the posterior IV sulcus to the apex of the heart, where it anastomoses with the anterior IV branch of the left bornary artery. |
The posterior IV branch accompanies the middle coronary vein
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In about 75% of herts, the right coronary artery gives rise to the posterior IV branch.
- It supplies the left ventricular wall and posterior portion of the interventricular septum. |
In 15% of hearts, the left coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch.
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