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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was the first disease against which a vaccine was developed?
a.polio b.flu c. meningitis d. smallpox |
D.smallpox
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when viral DNA is inserted into the host chromosome, it's termed
a.provirus b. exogenous virus c. phage d.plaque |
a.provirus
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in which step is the viral genome removed from the capsid?
a. entry b. assembly c. penetration d. uncoating |
d. uncoating
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what enzyme must all (-) RNA viruses bring into the infected cell with them?
a. RNA dependent RNA polymerase b. DNA dependent RNA polymerase c. DNA dependent DNA polymerase d. RNA dependent DNA polymerase |
a. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
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what molecule, which interacted with receptors on helper T cells, is expressed on the surface of all antigen presenting cells?
a. MHC-II b. antibodies c. MHCI d. T cell receptors |
a. MHC II
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what is a disease that is transmissable from animals to humans?
a. communicable b. contagious c. zoonotic d. epidemic |
c. zoonotic
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which of these viruses is NOT a risk for cross species transmission from pigs to humans during xenotransplantation?
a. pseudorabies virus b. circoviruses c. Hepatitis E like swine virus d. porcine cytomegalovirus |
a. pseudorabies virus
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T/F SV-40 has been proven to cause cancer in humans?
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false
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which family of human DNA viruses has single stranded genomes?
a. parvoviridae b. polyomaviridae c. rhabdoviridae d. coronaviridae |
a. parvoviridae
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which eneterovirus is primarily associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease?
a. enterovirus 70 b. enterovirus 71 c. coxsackie virus d. echovirus |
b. enterovirus 71
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which of the following is NOT an alphavirus?
a. WEE b. EEE c. SLE d. VEE |
c SLE
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dengue viruses...
a. are maintained in AEDES aegypti mosquitos in urban settings b. use humans as their primary vertebrate reservoir c. are becoming more important pathogens as the vector habitat expands d. a and b e all of the above |
e. all of the above
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west nile virus...
a. arrived in the US for the first time in 1995 b. is maintained in natural cycles between humans and mosquitos c. is highly contagious once introduced into the human population in an area d. produces an asymptomatic infection in humans 80% of the time |
d. produces an asymptomatic infection in humans 80% of the time
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T/F Hepatitis C virus infection has been correlated to the development of liver cancer
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true
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the replicative characteristic that sets coronaviridae apart is
a. the translation of a large polyprotein from a single open reading frame b. its segmented genome c. the "nested set" of mRNAs produced during the infection cycle d. the circularization of its genome prior to replication |
c. the "nested set" of mRNAs produced during the infection cycle
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T/F during typical influenza seasons, about 36000 people die in the US each year
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true
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T/F the very young and the very old are usually those most susceptible to major complications from influenza infection
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true
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T/F influenza (and all orthomyxoviruses) have (+) RNA genomes
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false
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which of the following is NOT an alphavirus?
a. WEE b. EEE c. SLE d. VEE |
c SLE
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how many influenza virus particles can be found in a droplet of mucus expelled during a sneeze from a person at the peak of diease?
a. 100 - 1000 b. 1 000-10,000 c. 10,000-100,000 d. 100,000-1,000,000 |
d. 100,000 - 1,000,000
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dengue viruses...
a. are maintained in AEDES aegypti mosquitos in urban settings b. use humans as their primary vertebrate reservoir c. are becoming more important pathogens as the vector habitat expands d. a and b e all of the above |
e. all of the above
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what caused the enormous spike in death rates around the world in 1918-1919?
a. hong kong flu b. spanish flu c. russian flu d. asian flu |
b spanish flu
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west nile virus...
a. arrived in the US for the first time in 1995 b. is maintained in natural cycles between humans and mosquitos c. is highly contagious once introduced into the human population in an area d. produces an asymptomatic infection in humans 80% of the time |
d. produces an asymptomatic infection in humans 80% of the time
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T/F Hepatitis C virus infection has been correlated to the development of liver cancer
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true
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the replicative characteristic that sets coronaviridae apart is
a. the translation of a large polyprotein from a single open reading frame b. its segmented genome c. the "nested set" of mRNAs produced during the infection cycle d. the circularization of its genome prior to replication |
c. the "nested set" of mRNAs produced during the infection cycle
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T/F during typical influenza seasons, about 36000 people die in the US each year
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true
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T/F the very young and the very old are usually those most susceptible to major complications from influenza infection
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true
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T/F influenza (and all orthomyxoviruses) have (+) RNA genomes
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false
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how many influenza virus particles can be found in a droplet of mucus expelled during a sneeze from a person at the peak of diease?
a. 100 - 1000 b. 1 000-10,000 c. 10,000-100,000 d. 100,000-1,000,000 |
d. 100,000 - 1,000,000
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what caused the enormous spike in death rates around the world in 1918-1919?
a. hong kong flu b. spanish flu c. russian flu d. asian flu |
b spanish flu
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what sign or symptom is NOT typically associated with the flu?
a. myalgia b. fever c. alopecia d. malaise |
c. alopecia
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what's the most accurate method for IDing individual influenza strains?
a. ELISA b. immunofluorescence c virus cluture and serotyping d there's no way to test for specific viruses |
c virus culture and serotyping
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how many segments are in a complete influenza A genome?
a. 6 b. 7 c 8 d. 9 |
c. 8
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what receptor on the cellular surface is bound by the influenza H glycoprotein?
a. neuraminidase b. sialidase c sialic acid d. CD4 |
c. sialic acid
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where does uncoating of influenza virus take place?
a. at the cell surface b inside endosomes c. in the cytoplasm d at the nuclear membrane |
b inside endosomes
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which viral protein of influenza A acts as a H+ channel?
a. M1 b M2 c H d N |
b M2
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how do influenza viruses prime their own mRNA synthesis?
a cap snatching b viral protein primers c small viral RNA primers d there are no mRNAs synthesized during infection |
a cap snatching
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at which step is the function of the influenza N glycoprotein most directly needed?
a entry b replication c assembly d escape from the infected cell |
d escape from the infected cell
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which of the following concepts is NOT associated with antigenic shift?
a. reassortment b large genetic changes c polymerase errors d pandemics |
c polymerase errors
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where do "new" strains of flu typically originate?
a southeast asia b mexico c US d europe |
a southeast asia
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T/F most cases of human rabies in the US are caused by bats
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true
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T/F a single amino acid change in the G protein can render the rabies virus avirulent
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true
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T/F the rabies virus RNA polymerase has proofreading function
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false
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T/F post exposure vaccination is NOT successful in preventing rabies bc the virus rapidly travels to the brain
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false
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T/F rabies is primarily a disease of domestic dogs in the US
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false
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T/F no person has ever survived the symptomatic phase of rabies>
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false
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which test is used for rabies diagnosis in animals?
a ELISA b direct fluorescent antibody c electron microscope d PCR e western blots |
b direct fluorescent antibody
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which of the following is NOT characteristic of the rabies virion?
a bullet shaped b enveloped c RNA dependent RNA pol d G protein spikes e 3 segments of negative sense RNA |
e 3 segments of negative sense RNA
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which of the following is NOT characteristic of furious rabies?
a delirium b hydrophobia c ascending paralysis d hypersalivation e tremors |
c ascending paralysis
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how have the documented cases of humen to human transmission of rabies occured?
a aerosol b fecal oral c biting d organ transplants |
d organ transplants
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how long does immunity to rabies typically last after the recommended vaccination schedule?
a lifetime b 2 yrs c 5 yrs d 10 yrs |
b 2 yrs
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which of the following is NOT a characterisitc of the rabies genome?
a single stranded RNA b negative sense c non segmented d positive sense |
positive sense
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what is the rabies virus receptor?
a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor b beta adrenergic receptor c chemokine receptors d CD 155 |
a. nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
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which rabies protein is involved in transcription of the antigenome?
a. M b G c L d N |
c. L
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who created the first rabies vaccine?
a koch b theiler c pasteur d reed |
c pasteur
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the Reoviridae have segmented genomes consisting of ____ segments, depending on the genus
a. 2-3 b 4-5 c 7-8 d 10-12 |
d 10-12
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which of the following is NOT a Reoviridae genus containing human pathogens?
a orthoreovirus b aquareovirus c orbivirus d rotavirus |
b aquareovirus
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T/F rotavirus infections account for about 46% of severe childhood diarrhea in both developed and undeveloped parts of the world
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true
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T/F colorado tick fever is a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease caused by a coltivirus
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false
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which of the following do NOT belong to the family Paramyxoviridae?
a mumps virus b measles virus c Puumula virus d Hendra virus |
c. puumula virus
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both bornaviridae and orthomyxoviridae ...
a replicate in the nuclceus of infected cells b have segmented genomes c produce mRNAs that have been spliced to remove introns d a and c e all of the above |
d. a and c
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sin nombre virus primary reservoir host is the ___mouse, Peromyscuc maniculatus
a. white footed b deer c cotton d house |
b deer
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the reservoir host for both of the henipaviruses that caused outbreaks in Australia and Malaysia/Singapore in the last decade is believed to be
a rodents b domesticated pigs c chimpanzees d bats |
d bats
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which of the Filoviruses listed below have caused the fewest human cases of disease?
am marburg virus b ebola sudan c ebola zaire d ebola reston |
d. ebola reston
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which of the followjng genera of Bunyaviridae does not contain arboviruses?
a orthobunyaviridae b hantavirus c nairovirus d phlebovirus |
b hantavirus
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T/F the majority of emerging and re-emerging viruses have DNA genomes?
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false
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T/F mosquitos and houseflies can survive in airplanes and be transferred from continent to continent
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true
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T/F birds are the main resrvoir of west nile virus
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true
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T/F SARS is beleived to have originated as a zoonosis caused by a live civet cat
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true
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T/F HIV-1 probably arose from SIV in chimps
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true
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which of the following does NOT play a role in viral evolution?
a. recombination b reassortment c mutation d transductions |
d transductions
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many are concerned that the H5N1 influenza virus might cause the next human pandemic bc
a. it's easily transmitted from person to person b it's a very stable DNA virus c humans are the only reservoir d it continues to evolve |
d it continues to evolve
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which virus is transmitted by bats?
a HIV b Nipah virus c Rift valley fever d SARS coronavirus e influenza virus |
b nipah virus
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which virus type is appearing more and more on cruise ships, causing major outbreaks of intestinal distress?
a rotavirus b norovirus c Hepatitis A virus d enterovirus |
b norovirus
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what accounted for the intro of monkeypox to the US in 2003?
a gambian rats in a pet store in texas b mosquitos on an aircraft from israel c bats from a pig farm in malaysia d horses imported from australia |
a gambian rats in a pet store from texas
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T/F dam construction provides breeding grounds for mosquitos, from which they can spread many different arboviruses
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true
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whiat practices have led to increases in junin, lassa, and machup virus infections in humans?
a dam construction b deforestation c importation d agriculture |
d agriculture
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what 3 diseases, routinely protected by vaccination in the US were responsible for local outbreaks in Iowa, Indiana, and minnesota, respectively, in 2005 and 2006?
a measles, mumps, rubella b measles, polio , rubella c polio, diptheria, tetanus d measles, mumps,, polio |
d measles, mumps, polio
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what natural phenomenon led to a spike in Sin nombre virus infections in the american southwest in the mid 1990s?
a typhoons b el nino c drought d floods |
b el nino
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what usually determines whether west nile virus will be transmissible from one year to the next?
a severity of winter b severity of summer c amount of rain in summer d virus titer in infected mosquitos |
a severity of winter
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