Exam 3 (2)

Front 1

The perception of flavor involves:

Back 1

Gustatory, Trigeminal, and Olfactory inputs

Front 2

Taste buds are located on these structures:

Back 2

Papilae

Front 3

Taste buds are innervated by which of the following cranial nerves?

Back 3

X (Vagus)
IX (Glossophar)
VII (Facial)

Front 4

Second order gustatory neurons are located in this nucleus:

Back 4

Nucleus of the solitary tract

Front 5

The tastant Salty's primary signaling mechanisms is:

Back 5

Sodium channels

Front 6

The tastant Sweet's primary signaling mechanisms is:

Back 6

G-protein coupled receptor

Front 7

The tastant Umami's primary signaling mechanisms is:

Back 7

G-protein coupled receptor

Front 8

The tastant Sour's primary signaling mechanisms is:

Back 8

Non-selective cation channel

Front 9

(TRUE/FALSE): Fibers reaching gustatory cortex arise from the VPM of the thalamus

Back 9

True

Front 10

(TRUE/FALSE): Olfaction is mediated by receptors that project directly to the thalamus

Back 10

False

Front 11

(might be wrong) Chemosensory transduction in olfactory receptor cells involves:

Back 11

G-protein-coupled receptors
Cation channels (e.g. Ca, Na, K)
Anion (e.g. Cl) channels

Front 12

Name three central projections of the olfactory bulb:

Back 12

Amygdala
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Parahippocampal gyrus

Front 13

Match the electrical profiles shown beflow to their location in the olfactory neurons shown on the right.

Back 13

B, A, C

Front 14

Identify the following using the diagram shown below:

Back 14

A. Granule cell
B. Mitral cell
C. Olfactory receptor cell projections

Front 15

(TRUE/FALSE): Gustatory and olfactory information converge in the orbital cortex

Back 15

True

Front 16

Sensory cells of the vestibular and auditory systems are found in the ________ labrynth

Back 16

Membranous

Front 17

Movement of this fluid (endolymph/perlymph) causes corresponding movements of the eyes via the _________ reflex

Back 17

Endolymph
Vestibulocular

Front 18

Sound waves of high frequency are detected at the (apex/base) of the cochlea by hair cells in the _________.

Back 18

Base
Scala media/organ of corti

Front 19

To compensate for hearing loss, sound (intensity/frequency) must be increased.

Back 19

Intensity

Front 20

Place in order starting with periphery
____ Medial geniculate nucleus
____ Lateral lemniscus
____ Cochlear nucleus
____ Trapezoid body
____ Inferior colliculus
____ CN VIII

Back 20

CN VII
Cochlear nucleus
Trapezoid body
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate nucleus

Front 21

What two structures and two nucleuses receive input form the vestibular nuclei?

Back 21

Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Abducens nucleus
Oculomotor nucleus

Front 22

The laterla and medial geniculate nuclei, VPL, VPM all belong to which major division of the thalamus?

Back 22

Lateral thalamus

Front 23

The thalamus is generally considered a 'gateway' to the _______

Back 23

cortex

Front 24

Thalamic neurons can operate in three different physiological states (modes) depending on the resting membrane potential. Name of these states.

Back 24

Tonic firing mode (inactive)

Front 25

Inputs form cerebral cortex, other thalamic nuclei, basal ganglia, and spinal cord are all functionally connected via:

Back 25

Thalamus

Front 26

Fibers leaving the thalamus reach the cerebral cortex via the __________

Back 26

Internal capsule

Front 27

Fibers destined for the occipital lobe from the thalamus would be located in which part of the internal capsule?

Back 27

Caudal

Front 28

Identify the structures indicated in the figure below.

Back 28

A. Rod
B. Cone
C. Horizontal cell
D. Bipolar cell
E. Ganglion cell
F. Optic nerve

Front 29

What is the direction of light?

Back 29

Up

Front 30

List three specialization of the fovea that enable it to convey vision of the highest acuity

Back 30

A. All cones/high density of cones
B. Fewer cell layers
C. No nerve fibers in area

Front 31

Retinal ganglion cells have receptive fields known as _____________

Back 31

Center surround receptive fields

Front 32

Cells of the nasal retina receive info from the (lateral/nasal) portion of the visual field and send (crossed/uncrossed) fibers to the thalamus

Back 32

Lateral
Crosses

Front 33

Lesion of the left optic nerve would result in what visual field deficit

Back 33

Ipsilateral blindness

Front 34

Lesion of the optic chiasm would result in what visual field deficit

Back 34

Bitemporal hemianopia

Front 35

Lesion of the left ventral Meyer's loop would result in what visual field deficit

Back 35

Contralateral superior quadrantinopia

Front 36

Lesion of the left occipital lobe would result in what visual field deficit

Back 36

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

Front 37

Match structure damage box with deficit produced (A or B)

Back 37

Top to bottom
B
A

Front 38

Each lower motor neuron innervates a group of muscle fibers, forming a ________

Back 38

motor unit

Front 39

These types of muscle fibers are capable of generating the greatest amount of force:

Back 39

Fast twitch, fatigable

Front 40

Upper motor neurons are not found in the:

Back 40

Spinal cord