Exam 2 Violence In Society

Front 1

Criminal Violence

Back 1

State assumes responsibility for cases involving harmful violent behavior (act is seen as a threat to society)

Hint 1

Homicide statistics are most accurate of all

-most serious crime

-more obivious when a crime has been committed

Front 2

Homicide Types

Back 2

-Criminal

-Justifiable/Excusable

Front 3

Criminal Homicide

Back 3

Purposely, knowingly, recklessly, or negligently causing the death of another human being

Front 4

Types of Criminal Homicide

Back 4

-Murder

-Manslaughter

-Felony Homicide

Front 5

Types of Murder

Back 5

-1st degree

-2nd degree

Front 6

1st degree murder

Back 6

A killing that's intentional, premeditated, and deliberate

Front 7

2nd degree murder

Back 7

A killing that's intentional but not premeditated or deliberate

Front 8

Types of Manslaughter

Back 8

-Voluntary

-Involuntary

Front 9

Voluntary/Non-negligent Manslaughter

Back 9

Killing with no intent to kill because of serious provocation that diminishes criminal responsibility

Front 10

Involuntary/Negligent

Back 10

Killing that's unintentional; acting without regard for the harm they may cause others

Front 11

Felony Homicide

Back 11

Murders that occur during the commission of another felony

Hint 11

Usually treated like 1st degree murder for sentencing

Front 12

Justifiable/Excusable Homicide

Back 12

Killings judged to be legally acceptable because they occurred in defense of life or property

Hint 12

-Does not occur due to negligence

-Police more likely to be involved than citizens

-Most are intra racial

Front 13

Rape

Back 13

Penetration no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex origin of another person, without the CONSENT of the victim

Front 14

Sexual Assault

Back 14

Attacks or attempted attacks involving unwanted sexual contact that may or may not involve force

Front 15

Statutory Rape

Back 15

Sexual relations with a victim under the age of consent (usually 17)

Front 16

Mass Murder

Back 16

Killing of 3 or more people at one time and in one place

Hint 16

Often take their own lives after their rampage

Front 17

Spree Murder

Back 17

Killing of 3 or more people within a 30 day period, and is usually accompanied by the commission of another felony

Hint 17

-Do damage in short period of time

-Some involve teams

Front 18

Marital Rape

Back 18

Committed by spouse; can include former spouses, common-law marriages, and others living together as spoused though not legally married

Front 19

Robbery

Back 19

Taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person/persons by force or threat of force or violence, and/or by putting the victim in fear

Front 20

Types of Robberies

Back 20

-Armed

-Strong Armed

Front 21

Armed Robbery

Back 21

Involves weapon of some sort

Front 22

Strong Armed Robbery

Back 22

No weapon, uses body (hands, fists, feet)

Front 23

Types of Robbers

Back 23

-Professional

-Opportunist

-Addict

Front 24

Professional Robber

Back 24

Crime is a source of livelihood

Front 25

Opportunist Robber

Back 25

Steals small amounts of money when target presents itself

Front 26

Addict

Back 26

Rob to pay for drugs/alcohol

Front 27

Situational Crime Prevention

Back 27

Uses technical and structural solutions to minimize risk of victimization

Front 28

Types of Assault

Back 28

-Simple

-Aggravated

Front 29

Simple Assault

Back 29

An attack without a weapon regardless of whether or not an injury occured, minor injury, or an undetermined injury requiring less than two days of hospitalization

Front 30

Aggravated Assault

Back 30

An unlawful attack or threat of attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury

Front 31

Reasons for reporting Assaults

Back 31

To stop or prevent the incident

Front 32

Reasons for NOT reporting Assaults

Back 32

For a private/personal matter

Front 33

Victim/Offender Relationship

Back 33

-Victim knows offender most of the time

-Majority killed by acquaintance (males more likely)

-Females more to be killed by intimate partner (white more than black)

-Proportion committed by spouse/ex spouse ⬇while by boyfriend/girlfriend ⬆

-Stranger homicides are more likely to cross racial lines, though still mostly intraracial

Front 34

Family Homicide

Back 34

-Referred to as familicide

-Over 1/3 involves spouses/ex spouses

-1/4 are children killed by parents (%⬆over time)

-Children killing parents has⬆over time (fathers bigger target, sons most likely)

-Sibling homicide

Front 35

Child Homicide

Back 35

-Black children under 5 have highest rates of those under 5

-The younger under 5, the greater the risk (infanticide)

-Parent is the perpetrator most of the time

-Most child victims are male

Front 36

Facts about Mass Murder

Back 36

-Often take their own lives after the rampage

-Sites change often: school, malls, post office

-Examples: Cho Seung-Hui, Adam Lanza, Patrick Sherrill

Front 37

Characteristics of Mass Murder

Back 37

-Victims can be known or unknown

-Usually do not kill any others after the initial mass attck

-Usually have issues with anger and hostility toward people they believe to have wronged them

Front 38

Characteristics of Spree Murder

Back 38

-Tend to do their damage within a short time span

-Some involve teams

-Victims usually selected at random, but selected because they meet the personal needs of the killer at the time

-Usually apprehended

Ex: Beltway Snipers

Front 39

Estimating Rape

Back 39

-Least likely form of violence to be reported to police

•Hard to estimate, but most reliable information comes from surveys - not official statistics

-Stigma decreases reporting rates

-Surveys can be also problematic

-Need to be behaviorally specific to be effective

Front 40

Demographic Factors

Back 40

Rate of rape is 6x higher for women

Front 41

Rape and Sexual Assault of College Women

Back 41

-Women attending college are at greater risk compared to women of the same age in the general population

-Most know their assailants

-Most take place in residents

-Often faciliated by drugs and alcohol (date rape drugs: GHB, rohypol, special K, also drugs and alcohol affect judgement and behavior, memory, and can cause blackouts)

-Societal response

Front 42

Societal Response

Back 42

Student right to know and campus security act of 1990

-Any colleges and universities participating in federal student aid programs must "prepare, publish, and distribute...an annual security report"

-Purpose is to communicate campus security policies and crime statistics

Clery Act added as amendment

-Requires publication of more specific policies regarding awareness and prevention of sexual assault and requires basic rights are given to sexual assault victims

Title X

Front 43

3 Acts of Societal Response

Back 43

-Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990

-Clery Act

-Title X

Front 44

Reasons for Rape

Back 44

-Rape myths

-Heterogeneous group of offenders

-The 4 typologies

-Rape feeds offenders need for power and dominance

Front 45

Rape Myths

Back 45

-Victim is not a real victim (woman caused own rape)

-Alcohol/Drugs cause rape

-Rapist is "sick" (crazy/psychotic)

-Results on miscommunication between victim and assailant)

Front 46

Four Typologies

Back 46

-Power reassurance (low self esteem/feeling of being inadequate)

-Anger retaliation (men feel hostility toward women & use rape as revenge)

-Power assertive (having power over the victim/ ❤ being in control)

-Sadistic (most violent, cruelty in attacks, enjoy humiliation, most likely to kill)

Front 47

Elder Homicide

Back 47

-Eldercide

-Only 5% of victims are elderly

-Most victims and offenders are white

-Most likely killed during comission of another felony

Front 48

Mult Victim/Mult Offender

Back 48

-Most are single victim/offender

-Homicides more likely to have more offenders than victims

-Proportion involving mult offenses ⬇with offenders age

Front 49

Homicide by Circumstance

Back 49

-Category unknown has grown over time

-Argument 2nd most common circumstance of all (brawls about drugs, alcohol etc)

-Can be called confrontational homicides

-Common for youth homicides

-Alcohol is a contributing factor

Front 50

Clearances

Back 50

Crime cleared when a person is arrested, charged, and turned over for prosecution or cleared by exceptional means

Hint 50

Homicide has highest rates

Front 51

Serial Murder

Back 51

Killing of 3 or more victims in 3 or more separate incidents over weeks, months, and years with a significant cooling off between killings

Front 52

Characteristics of Serial Murders

Back 52

-middle aged white males

-most kill at home

-most have previous record

-tend to kill strangers

-kill in general location or area

Front 53

Time and Place of Assault

Back 53

-1 mile or less from home

-Aggravated Assault more likely at night and simple Assault during day

-south has highest rates of aggravated Assault

Front 54

Assault (Weapons and Injury)

Back 54

Most aggravated assaults involves a weapon (strangers more likely to use guns while known offenders use knives)

Front 55

Female Robbers

Back 55

-3 main ways females commit robberies

-most common is of other females in a physically confrontational manner

-most involves knives rather than guns

-choose targets for same reason men do (target women because less likely to be armed and resist)

-motivations are the same but m.o. is different

Front 56

Self Protective Behaviors and Injury (Injury)

Back 56

-over 1/3 report being injured

-Females more than males

-16 to 19 year olds

-whites

-Stranger robberies less likely involves injury

Front 57

Characteristics of Robberies

Back 57

-Most likely of non fatal violent crimes to involve a weapon

●NCVS: most are strong armed

●UCR: most are armed

●strangers more likely to use weapon