Exam #2 Study Guide

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jews of Central and eastern european ancestry as distinguished from s. and m.

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Ashkenazim

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jews of spanish portuguese ancestry as distinguish from a. and m.

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Sephardim

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jews of middle eastern ancestry as distinguished from a. and s.

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mizrahim

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Collective term for jews living outside the land of israel; the greek meaning dispersal

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diaspora

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Material in the talmud of a legal nature

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halakhah

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A rigorously observant sub group of orthodox Judaism

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haredim

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movement founded in eastern Europe by the 18th century mystic known as baal Shem tov. Today the movement encompass many different subgroups each of such had is own charismatic leader

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hasidism

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the mass murder of approximately 6 million jews by the nazi regimeof Hitler during the second weekend war.

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Holocaust

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the medieval jewish mystical tradition; its central text is a commentary on scriture called the Zohar which is thought to have been read by moses of leon.

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Kabbalah

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Term for food that is ritually acceptable indicting that all rabbinic requlations regaurding animal slaughter have been followed

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Kosher

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The oral Law- inherited from Pharisaism and ascribed to moses- written down and codified by topic edited by Rabbi Jdah haNasi around 220 CE

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Mishnah

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Literally Teacher but by the second century CE an official title of the expert of interpretation of Torah

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Rabbi

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The entire hebrew bible, consisting of Torah (law), Nevi'im (prophets), and Ketuvi (Sacred writings), the name is an acronym of the initial letters of those three terms

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Tanakh

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Four letter word, the personal name of the jewish diety, consiting of four hebrew letters (yod, hay, vav, hay) (YHWY) confentionally written as "Yahweh"

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Tetragrammaton

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"rightous person" a title conveying the hasidic ideal for a teacher or spiritual leader.

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tzaddik

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A traditional school for the study of scriptures and jewish law

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Yeshiva

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the language spoken by many central and eastern european Jews in recent centuries, although it is written in Hebrew Characters and contain some words derived from Hebrew, it is essentially German

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Yiddish

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the modern movement initiated by the Austro-Hungarian jounralist and playwright Theodor Herzl in 1897 for a jewish nation state in the ancient land of Isreal

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Zionism

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a term the hasidic use to address their tzaddik. A yiddish Term

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Rebbe

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Type of Judaism characterized by the goal of making jewish practice meaningful for for Jews in 18th century Germany. It pioneers explicitly supported enlightenment. Father of reform: Isreal Jacobson. Spiritual Leader: Abraham Geiger. The types of Jews do not practice dietary laws. This type of Judaism is "Flexible". Interfaith Dialogue is encouraged.

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reform Judaism

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This type of judaism believe that the hebrew bible is the revealed word of God, and understands the Mishnah and Talmud to be written oral law from Moses. The most conservative members are called Haredim (trembling ones). All orthodox Jews are rigorously observant, the more liberal among them do not associate with non-jews.

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Orthodox Judaism

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Founded by Zacharias Frankel, this form of judaism, to find middle ground between RIGID orthodox and RADICAL liberal Reform Judaism. They are the middle ground

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Conservative Judaism

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This form of Judaism was created in North America by Mordechai Kaplan. Scriptures are not divinely revealed, but created by jewish people themselves. Developed out of Conservative Movement. Has a gender nutural prayer book. Active participation in the community is more important that individual faith.

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Reconstructionist

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Rabbi Sherwin Kappler took reconstructionist further. Formed Society of Humanistic Judaism (SHJ). Goal was to foster positive jewish identity, intellectual integrity and ethicak behavior. Humanistic Jews welcome all other types of Jews into their services. Jewish Identity is largely a personal decision.

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Humanistic Judaism

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Burial Customs

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2 stages: Before and after burial. "Kiriah" (tearing) is done during the first stage.

Preparation of the body: as soon as possible (within 24 hours). BOdy is always kept face up. Feet always face towards the door. Any standing water in the house is poured out (spirit cannot cross water). Candles paced at head and body, body never left alone.

Burial: NO public viewing or consolationv visits. NO embalming (desicration). Simple plain wood coffin. Suicide cases: Buried at least 6 feet; not given a full burial. (has since changed with the advent of mental illnes education).

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Marriage

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Natural and highly desireable state for humans. Sex is good for reproduction and fo pleasure. Sexual fulfillment is something the husband owes the wife. Weddings can take place anywhere. Rabbi must be present. Marriage contract called the Ketubah. Brides family must provide dowry bed linens and such). Today, Brideprice and dowry no longer observed. Must be married under a chuppah ( four post canopy).