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Deaminating agent

Removal of NH2 group, altering base pairing. A pairs with C instead of T

Intercalating agents

Insert between bases in DNA, can cause frameshift mutations

Base analogs

These mimic normal DNA bases



Can cause a T-A to change to C-G

Ionizing radiation

X-rays and y-rays- wavelength shorter than 1nm



Higher energy than non-ionizing radiation

Non-ionizing radiation

Wavelengths greater than 1 nm



Less energy than ionizing

UV light is...

Non-ionizing radiation