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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the joints of the shoulder complex?
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sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, acromioclavicular joints, and the scapulothoracic interface
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Ultimate goal of the shoulder complex?
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positioning the upper extremity to facilitate hand function
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Where along the vertebral column is the base of the spine of the scapula located?
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T3
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Where along the vertebral column is the inferior angle of the scapula located?
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T7
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What is the angle of the plane of the scapula?
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35degrees anterior to the frontal plane
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What is the angle of the glenoid fossa?
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5degrees superior relative to the medial border of the scapula
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What is the angle of inclination of the humeral head?
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135degrees with shaft
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What is the angle of retroversion of the humeral head?
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30degrees posterior angulation relative to the frontal plane
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What type of joint is the sternoclavicular articulation?
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A sellar-type joint
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What is the function of the anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments?
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reinforce/support the anterior & posterior aspects of the fibrous capsule
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What is the function of the interclavicular ligament?
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attaches sternal ends of clavicles, passes over superior surface of jugular notch
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What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament?
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attaches first costal cartilag to inferior surface of the proximal aspect of the clavicle
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What part of the acromioclavicular articulation could be an indicator of wear and tear?
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articular disc
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What is the function of the acromioclavicular ligament?
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reinforces the superior & inferior aspects of the fibrous capsule
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What is the functoin of the coracoclavicular ligament?
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primary stabilizer (maintains relationship between clavicle & scapula)
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What are the parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
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trapezoid and conoid
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Where is the trapezoid ligament located?
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from superior surface of the coracoid process in a superior/lateral direction to attach to the trapezoid line of the clavicle
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Where is the conoid ligament located?
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from superior surface of coracoid process, near its base, in a vertically superior direction to attach to conoid tubercle of the clavicle (posterior & medial to trapezoid ligament)
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What is the "main" shoulder joint?
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Glenohumeral articulation
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What is the function of the axillary pouch?
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to have the slack by the joint so it is easier to move (helps to raise arm overhead)
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Where is the superior glenohumeral ligament located?
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from the supraglenoid tubercle to the anatomical neck of the humerus
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What is the function of the superior glenohumeral ligament?
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restricts movement at 0degrees abduction
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Where is the middle glenohumeral ligament located?
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superior and middle aspects of anterior rim of glenoid fossa, blends with anterior aspect of capsule and subscapularis tendon to the anterior aspect of the anatomical neck of the humerus
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What is the function of the middle glenohumeral ligament?
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restricts movement greater than 30degrees
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Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament located?
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anterior/inferior rim of the glenoid fossa and labrum to the anterior/inferior-posterior/inferior aspects of the anatomical neck of the humerus
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Where is the coracohumeral ligament located?
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lateral suface of the coracoid process to the anterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus where it blends with the capsule and supraspinatus tendon
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Where is the coracoacromial ligament located?
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anterior margin of the acromion process to the lateral aspect of the coracoid process
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What all is contained in the subacromial space?
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subacromial bursa, tendon of origin for the biceps brachii long head, superior aspect of joint capsule
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What type of gland is a mammary gland?
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modified apocrine (sweat) gland
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What is deep to the mammary gland?
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retromammary bursa
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What is the Tail of Spence?
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extension of glandular tissue superior/lateral towards the axilla - lobes drain to the surface of the skin via lactiferous ducts
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What is the Suspensory Ligament of Cooper?
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extensions of fibrous tissue from the breast to the dermis of the skin
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What are the major contributing vessels that supply the mammary glands?
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primarily branches of the internal thoracic artery, also branches from the axillary artery (lateral thoracic, pectoral, and thoracoacromial branches), and branches from the intercostal
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What are the levels of axillary lymph nodes based on?
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Location of the pectoralis minor
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What are the levels of axillary lymph nodes?
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Level I: lower axillary group
Level II: middle axillary group Level III: upper infraclavicular group |
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What is the medial boundary of the axilla?
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serratus anterior muscle covering the lateral thoracic wall
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What is the anterior boundary of the axilla?
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combined tissue mass of the pectoralis major and minor muscles
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What is the posterior boundary of the axilla?
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primarily subscapularis muscle, also latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle tissue
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What is the lateral boundary of the axilla?
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intertubercular/bicipital groove
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What is inside the deltopectoral groove/triangle?
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cephalic vein
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What are the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process?
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short head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major
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What are the four ligaments that attach to the coracoid process?
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trapezoid, conoid, coracohumeral, coracoacromial
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Where is the inguinal ligament located?
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inferior border of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis which spans from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle
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What is the first muscle to fire when lifting your arm?
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transverse abdominis
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What muscle in the abdomen allows for semental movement?
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rectus abdominis
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What muscles' aponeuroses contribute to the rectus sheath?
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External & internal abdominal obliques, transverse abdominis
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What are the branches of the Sublcavian Artery?
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vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervial trunk
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What are the parts of the thyrocervical trunk?
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inferior thyroid artery, suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery
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What are the parts of the costocervical trunk?
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deep cervical, highest/supreme intercostal arteries
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What is inside the interscalene triangle?
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brachial plexus and subclavian artery
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The dorsal root of the spinal nerve is made up of?
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almost entirely sensory neurons
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What is the ventral root of the spinal nerve?
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primarily a motor structure
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What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
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C5-C8 & T1
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What are the cords of the brachial plexus named in reference to?
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their position relative to the axillary artery
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What are the three articulations of the elbow joint?
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humero-ulnar, humero-radial, proximal radio-ulnar
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What are the articulations of the humero-ulnar joint and what type of joint is it?
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the trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna
modified sellar joint |
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What are the articulations of the humero-radial joint and what type of joint is it?
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the concave proximal surface of the radial head with the convex surface of the capitulum of the humerus
ovoid joint |
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What is the purpose of the humero-ulnar joint?
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allows for elbow flexion and extension
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What is the purpose of the humero-radial joint?
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allows for flexion/extension and rotation of the radius (pronation/supination)
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What are the articulations for the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
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periphery of the radial head with the fibro-osseous ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and annular ligament
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What are the articulations for the distal radio-ulnar joint?
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convex peripheral surface of the ulnar head with the concave surface of the ulnar notch of the radius
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What is the purpose of the radio-ulnar joints?
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adjusting the length of the upper limb (flexion/extension)
adjusting the orientation of the palm of the hand positioning the hand for functional tasks |
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What is valgus?
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joint is displaced medially; distal end of the limb is lateral relative to the position of the joint
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What is varus?
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joint is displaced laterally; distal end of the limb is medial relative to the position of the joint
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What is the typical carrying angle for the upper extremity?
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15degrees of valgus
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Which of the medial collateral ligaments are the strongest?
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anterior fibers
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What is the purpose of the quadrate ligament?
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leash that prevents the radius from over-pronating/over-supinating
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What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?
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brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
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What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?
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pronator teres muscle
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What is the proximal border of the cubital fossa?
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a line passing through the humeral condyles
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What is the floor of the cubital fossa?
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brachialis muscle
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What does the acronym TAN stand for?
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Tendon of insertion for the biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve
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What nerve runs along the medial edge of the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus?
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radial nerve
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If a muscle crosses the elbow, what is a possible fuction of it?
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flexion of the elbow
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What are the muscles associated with the cubital fossa?
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brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and pronator teres
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What are the muscles of the superficial forearm?
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Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
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What are the deep muscles of the deep forearm?
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supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
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What muscles are part of the common extensor mass?
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extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, humeral head of extensor carpi ulnaris
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What are the six parts always associated with a synovial joint?
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bones, articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, joint cavity
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What tendon(s) form(s) the anterior boundary of the anatomical snuff box?
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abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis
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What tendon(s) form(s) the posterior boundary of the anatomical snuff box?
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extensor pollicis longus
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What blood vessel can be found in the anatomical snuff box?
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branch of the Radial Artery that courses onto the dorsum of the hand and ultimately into the deep compartment of the hand
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What bone can be felt through the anatomical snuff box?
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scaphoid bone
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What muscles does the deep radial nerve branch to?
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extensors digitorum, digiti minimi, ulnaris, pollicis longus, pollicis brevis, indicis, & abductor pollicis longus
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What part of the upper extremity does that posterior interosseous artery feed?
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posterior component of the forearm
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What three membranes compartmentalize the forearm into anterior and posterior sections?
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medial intermuscular septum, interosseous membrane, lateral intermuscular septum
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What is the only deep muscle of the forearm to not attach to the ulna?
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extensor pollicis brevis
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What is the "wristband" that holds all of the wrist tendons in the right place?
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the extensor retinaculum
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