Exam 2 - Chapter 10

Front 1

another word for a tumor

Back 1

neoplasm

Front 2

What is a tumor

Back 2

a mass of cells that grow independently of the rest of the body, a cancer

Front 3

what % of tumors in the brain are meningiomas

Back 3

20%

Front 4

meningioma-where?

Back 4

tutor that grows between the meninges, 3 membranes that cover the CNS

-encapsulated tumors

-benign

Front 5

malignant tumor

Back 5

likely cancerous spreading tumor

Front 6

benign tumor

Back 6

not likely cancerous

Front 7

what % of brain tumours are metastic?

Back 7

10%

Front 8

infiltrating tumor

Back 8

grow through surrounding tissue

-malignant

Front 9

metastic tumor

Back 9

originate elsewhere and move to brain

Front 10

Giloma

Back 10

?

Front 11

Stroke

Back 11

a sudden onset of cerebrovascular disorder causing brain damage

Front 12

that is the third leading cause of death?

Back 12

stroke

Front 13

2 types of stroke

Back 13

hemorrhage & ischemia

Front 14

consequences of stroke(3)

Back 14

amnesia, alphasia (language prob.) paralysis and coma

Front 15

infarct

Back 15

area of dead or dying tissue from stroke

Front 16

penumbra

Back 16

dysfunctional area surrounded infarct may survive or die

Front 17

Hemorrhage (&aneurysm)

Back 17

when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into surrounding neural tissue and damages it

Front 18

aneurysm

Back 18

balloon like dilation in the blood when the elasticity of the vessel is bad

Front 19

congenital-what? from?

Back 19

aneurysm present at birth or resulted from vascular poison or infection

Front 20

Ischemia

Back 20

disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain causing brain damage

Front 21

3 main causes of ischemia

Back 21

thrombosis, embolism, arteriosclerosis

Front 22

thrombus

Back 22

a plug that blocks blood flow where it formed

Front 23

what is a thrombus composed of?

Back 23

fat,oil,air, blood clot, tumor cells

Front 24

embolism

Back 24

plug that is carried by the blood from a large vessel to a small one where it gets stuck

"thrombus on a trip"

Front 25

arteriosclerosis-from? what?

Back 25

self made:

-blood vessel walls thicken and channels narrow from fat deposits and causes complete blockage

Front 26

glutamate ischemia

Back 26

blood deprived neutrons are overactice and release excessive amounts of neurotransmitter glutamate.

Front 27

contusion

Back 27

closed head injury from blows that do not penetrate the skull

Front 28

Hematoma

Back 28

collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue

-bruise

Front 29

contrecoup injury

Back 29

damage at opposite side of impact

Front 30

concussion

Back 30

disturbance of consciousness without contusion or structure damage

Front 31

punch drunk syndrome

Back 31

results from many concussions

Front 32

punch drunk symptoms

Back 32

- Leg weakness

-Unstable walking

-Slow muscle movements

- Arm and hand shakes

-Halted speech

-Lowered IQ points

Front 33

punch drunk permanent damage

Back 33

dementia and cerebral scarring

Front 34

Encephalitis

Back 34

-Inflammation of brain due to microorganism such asbacteria or virus

Front 35

syphilis <3

Back 35

-genital sores

-may be dormant till attack

-untreated causes general paresis (dem.insan.)

Front 36

bacteria effects on brain

Back 36

-infmalmation

- pockets of pus (cerebral abscess)

Front 37

meningitis

Back 37

-25% fatal

-attacks and inflames meningies

-irreversible brain damage

Front 38

herpes <3

Back 38

-contracted through body fluids

-attacks nervous system and/or other tissues

-hsv1:oral

-hsv2 genital

have for life

Front 39

herpes symptoms

Back 39

Headache

-Fever

- Neck stiffness

-Sensitivity to light

-Seizures

-Trouble thinking clearly

- Unconsciousness

Front 40

toxic psychosis

Back 40

insanity from neurotoxin

Front 41

tardive diskenesia (miley crycus) symptoms

Back 41

-lip smacking

-thrusting tongue

-puffy cheeks

- jaw movement

Front 42

endogenous neurotoxin

Back 42

produced by own body

Front 43

parkinson victims

Back 43

.5% of people

-middle and old age disorder

- 2.5 times more likely in males

Front 44

parkinson Symptoms

Back 44

-Slight stiffness or tremor of the fingers

-Increasing severity with advancing years Tremors pronounced during inactivity Not during voluntary movement or sleep

- Muscular rigidity

-mask like face

Front 45

parkinsons causes

Back 45

degeneration of Substantia nigra (midbrain nucleus)

-basal ganglia

-Little if any Dopamine released in SN

Front 46

Cortical Reorganization

Back 46

Sensory and motor re-organization after damage ofsomatosensory cortex

Front 47

Reorganization in PNS

Back 47

2 mechanisms 

1) Existing connections are strengthened Reorganization occurs too quickly 

Or,

new connects are created by collateralsprouting

Front 48

Collateralsprouting

Back 48

Axon branches ofhealthy neurongrowing out towardsthe sites that arevacated by thedegenerating axon

Front 49

phantom limb is caused by...

Back 49

reorganizationof the somato-sensory cortex followingamputation.