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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ionic bond |
transfer of valence electrons from an atom of a metal to an atom of a nonmetal |
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octet rule |
in formin gbonds, main-group elements gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight valence electrons |
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ions |
atoms with a charge |
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cation |
positively charged ion; usually formed by metals |
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anion |
negatively charged ion; usually formed by nonmetals |
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ionic compound |
a compound composed of positive and negative ions aka salts |
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What has the -ide ending? |
Anions |
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ammonium ion |
NH4(+) |
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hydroxide ion |
OH(-) |
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acetate ion |
CH3CO2(-) |
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nitrite ion |
NO2(-) |
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nitrate ion |
NO3(-) |
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sulfite ion |
SO3(2-) |
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hydrogen sulfite ion |
HSO3(-) |
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sulfate ion |
SO4(2-) |
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hydrogen sulfate ion (or bisulfate ion) |
HSO4(-) |
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cyanide ion |
CN(-) |
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Carbonate ion |
CO3(2-) |
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hydrogen carbonate ion (or bicarbonate ion) |
HCO3(-) |
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phosphate ion |
PO4(3-) |
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hydrogen phosphate ion |
HPO4(2-) |
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dihydrogen phosphate ion |
H2PO4(-) |
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hypochlorite ion |
ClO(-) |
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chlorate ion |
ClO3(-) |
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perchlorate ion |
ClO4(-) |
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covalent bond |
a bond in which two atoms share electrons; made of nonmetals |
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alkane |
a hydrocarbon with carbon-crabon single bonds |
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alkene |
a hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds |
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alkyne |
hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds |
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molecular geometry |
the arrangement of atomic nuclei in a molecule |
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electron pair geometry |
the arrangement of bonds and lone pairs in a molecule |
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geometry for a water molecule |
trigonal planar bent |
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naming covalent compounds |
prefix for the number of atoms of each element in the compound; the ending of the second element changes to -ide |
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carbon monoxide |
CO |
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carbon dioxide |
CO2 |
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nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) |
NO |
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nitrogen dioxide |
NO2 |
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dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide) |
N2O |
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sulfur dioxide |
SO2 |
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sulfur trioxide |
SO3 |
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carbon tetrachloride |
CCl4 |
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sulfur hexafluoride |
SF6 |
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tetraphosphorus decaoxide |
P4O10 |
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polar |
describes a bond or molecule with a positive and negative regions |
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nonpolar |
describwes a bond or molecule with no or symmetrically oriented (and thus canceled) polar bonds |
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dipole force |
partiallyl negative end of one molecule interacts with partially positive end of another molecule |
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induced dipole |
momentary unequal distribution of charges |
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hydrogen bonds |
attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and the lone pair on an electronegative atom in another or the same molecules; the electronegative atom may be F, O, or N |
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compressibility |
at constant temperature, all gases expand when the surrounding pressure decreases and contract when the pressure increases |
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Boyle's Law |
pressure is directly proprotional to / volume |
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miscibility |
ability to mix in all proportions |
