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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Social Group |
A group you associate with in society |
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Primary group |
The group you have deep bonds with |
Friends and family |
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Secondary Group |
People who share common goals with you |
Soccer team |
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Social network |
People you know |
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The strength of weak ties |
Weak because they are not really your friends but strong because you can make connections through them |
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A Virtual Community |
A connection where you exchange information and advice |
Online community |
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Putman's argument in "Bowling Alone" |
There is a decline in social bond; increase in anomie |
Anomie=disconnection |
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In-group vs. Out-group |
In-group= those you identify with Out-group= those you dont identify with |
Us vs. Them |
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Reference Group |
Who we compare ourselfs to |
Role model |
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Historical trend regarding identity and Group Membership |
Less likely to label ourselves now than before |
Decline |
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Groupthink and the most effective leadership style for preventing it |
Ignore individuality and go with what the group thinks Expressive leadership - leader cares more about what people thinks; hears everyone out |
Group thinks What leader can prevent people from losing their voice |
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Conformity |
Do what they want you to do to avoid punishment or gain reward |
Conform |
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Weber's typology of authority |
Based on tradition;Kings and queens Laws, procedure, and expertise Charisma, likeability |
Traditional, rational-legal, charismatic |
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Bureaucracy (Weber) |
Believes we should be thankful that we have a system that efficiently provides for our needs |
Dmv |
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McDonaldization of society ( Ritzer) |
Society has become increasingly efficient and dehumanized |
McDonald's working process |
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Social construction of Deviance and Crime |
Depends on the values and norms of society |
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Functions of Deviance |
Reinforces are morals and values; increases social cohesion |
Social cohesion |
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Conflict Theory view of Deviance and Crime |
Used as a tool to keep people down |
System is biased |
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The Thomas Theorem |
When someone treast a person according to how they assume they are |
Ignore white people because you think theyre crazy, space yourself from a black person because you think theyre dangerous, walk out of a because a muslim came in (discrimination) |
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Structural Strain Theory of Deviance |
Not everyone can achieve societies goal the same, so they choose a more deviant path to achieve it |
Society goal= means of production |
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Differential Association |
Person is more likely to become deviant if they were exposed to it early on in life |
What is more likely to make a person deviant? |
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The Stereotype Threat |
People are scared of living up to a stereotype and doing poorly and attempt to avoid it so much that they eventually find themselves doing just that |
Self-fullfilling prophecy |
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Labeling Theory |
Someone percieves you a certain way so you begin to fall into those actions |
Labelling changes people |
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Stigma |
Any physical or social attribute that devalues person/ groups identity |
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Intersectionality |
Identifies how social constraints intersect |
Social intersection |
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Social Class |
System based on a persons access to the means of production |
Societies categorizing system |
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Social Class in the US |
Upper *rich Upper-middle *manager Middle *white collar Worker(lower-middle) *blue collar Under *homeless |
Class levels |
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Marx's view of trends regarding social inequality and class |
Class is based on the means of production; class remains divided so inequality grows |
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Marx's vs Weber's views of class |
Marx- based on the means of production Weber- based on power,privilege, and prestige |
Marx- what social class depends on Weber- 3 P's |
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Social Reproduction (Beaurdieu) |
Social Class passed down from generation to generation |
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Cultural Capital |
We inherit habits and expectations from our parents |
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Social Class and Life Prospects |
Income,job, and education depends on class |
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Social Mobility |
When a person moves up and down in social class |
Social mobility |
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Intergenerational vs Intragenerational |
Intergenerational- change class over several generations ex. Money passed down Intragenerational- change of class on one generation ex. Person wins the lottery |
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Horizontal vs. Vertical |
Horizontal- stay in the same class but move jobs Vertical- move up and down in class |
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Just-world hypothesis |
Belief that the world is just and that things happen to people because they deserve it |
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Ethnicity vs Race |
Ethnicity: who you are based on culture and language Race: biological |
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Internalization |
You do things because you believe it's right |
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Symbolic ethnicity |
People relate a certain symbol or holiday to a specific ethnicity |
St. Patricks day to an Irish |
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Majority vs Minority Group |
Majority- The group that has the largest population in society and holds significant power and privilege Minority- A group that has a smaller population and less power than the majority group. |
Larger vs smaller group |
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Social Construction of race |
Race shaped by social context |
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The Effects of Race |
Different groups treated differently and have access to different things |
Categorizes us |
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Prejudice vs Discrimination |
Prejudice viewed as a theory of inequality (a cause) and discrimination as the practice (an effect) -prejudiced person does not necessarily discriminate. |
Cause and effect |
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White privilege |
Way that white people benefit from the fact that they are not a racial minority |
White= majority |
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Population Transfer |
The forceful movement of a group from one place to another |
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Genocide |
An extermination of a race or religion |
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Sex vs. Gender |
-biological -physical/ social expectations |
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Essentialist vs Social Constructionist explanation of gender difference |
-gender depends on biological difference -gender depends on social expectations |
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Microaggression |
More suttle aggression |
Daily, casual insults |
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Sexism vs Heterosexism |
-determination based on sex -straight is the superior sex |
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Gender inequality |
Women not treated the same as men |
Diversity in a classroom |
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Sociological theories of gender inequality |
Men have more access to the means of production thus they have more power |
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Gender socialization |
We are taught by our friends, family, and schools how a specific gender is supposed to act |
Women should cook men should work |
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Feminism and the reaction against it |
Feminism-those who want to change social and economic inequality for women Against- Men's Right argue that men suffer because of feminism |
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Theoretical approaches to race |
Functionalism-racial inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have Conflict theory-conflicts arise when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group Interactionism- race provides strong symbols as sources of identity |
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Segregation |
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions |
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Homophobia vs Transphobia |
-fear of homosexual (gay) people - fear of transgender or transexual people |
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Internal Colonialism |
oppression or subordination of one ethnic group over another |
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Assimilation vs Multiculturalism |
-Gradual process by which a person or group belonging to one culture adopts the practices of another; one culture becoming another -the view that cultures, races, and ethnicities, particularly those of minority groups, deserve special acknowledgement of their differences within a dominant political culture; multiple cultures living together in unison |
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Racism (color-blind, individual, institutional, aversive, dominative) |
-the belief that racism is no longer a problem and that we all have equal opportunities -the negative treatment of one person by another on the basis of that persons perceived characteristics -this is racism that is part of the system (government, education, etc.) -subtle, covert racism -action taken to oppress racial and ethnic minorities and keep them in a subservient position |
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