Exam 2

Front 1

The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure?

• 1 day or less
• 2–7
• 10–17
• 20–30
• Over a month
  

Back 1

10–17

Front 2

Which of the following cells is the most variable cell in the immune system?

• Natural killer cell
• Monocyte
• RBC
• Lymphocyte
• Macrophage
  

Back 2

Lymphocyte

Front 3

What area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume?

Back 3

F

Front 4

Where is the larynx?

Back 4

I

Front 5

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

Back 5

R

Front 6

Which class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion?

• IgA
• IgE
• IgM
• IgD
• IgG
  

Back 6

IgM

Front 7

Where is the epiglottis?

Back 7

O

Front 8

With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

• muscular
• digestive
• nervous
• endocrine
• urinary
  

Back 8

urinary

Front 9

Plasma cells are located in which area in the figure?

Back 9

D

Front 10

What area in the figure is the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume?

Back 10

G

Front 11

In the diagram, where do pluripotent stem cells come from?

Back 11

B

Front 12

What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?

Back 12

F and L

Front 13

What type of cell is located in area B in the figure?

Back 13

B cells

Front 14

What area in the figure represents a very deep inhalation, much greater than the tidal volume?

Back 14

A

Front 15

What is line B pointing to?

Back 15

Parietal pleura

Front 16

Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?

• Cytotoxic T Cells
• B lymphocytes
• Helper T cells
• Eosinophils
• macrophages
  

Back 16

Helper T cells

Front 17

Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation?

• sneezing
• coughing
• laughing
• hiccupping
• Valsalva maneuver
  

Back 17

hiccupping

Front 18

In the diagram, where do T cells mature?

Back 18

A

Front 19

Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

• in the medulla
• in the pons
• in the cerebrum
• in the hypothalamus
• in the cerebellum
  

Back 19

in the medulla

Front 20

Where is the tracheal cartilage?

Back 20

J

Front 21

Where is the right bronchiole?

Back 21

G

Front 22

Natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to:

• Passive immunity
• Active immunity
• Both of these choices
• None of these choices
  

Back 22

Active immunity

Front 23

Which structure in the figure is the hyoid bone?

Back 23

A

Front 24

In the diagram, which region includes B cells, plasma cells and macrophages?

Back 24

D

Front 25

Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth?

• sobbing
• sneezing
• coughing
• sighing
• Valsalva maneuver
  

Back 25

Sneezing

Front 26

Where are the olfactory receptors found?

Back 26

B

Front 27

What area in the figure represents a very deep exhalation, much greater than the tidal volume?

Back 27

C

Front 28

Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?

• Increased activity of T lymphocytes
• Increased activity of B lymphocytes
• Activation of the immune system
• Inhibition of the immune system
• Increased production of antibodies
  

Back 28

Inhibition of the immune system

Front 29

Which structure provides disease resistance within the lungs?

Back 29

D

Front 30

Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?

• Nonspecific
• Specific
• Cell mediated
• Antibody mediated immunity
• None of these choices
  

Back 30

Nonspecific

Front 31

What area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume?

Back 31

E

Front 32

Lymph travels from the medullary sinus to which structure in the figure?

Back 32

E

Front 33

Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following?

• Vaccination
• Exposure to a microbe resulting in antibody formation
• Receiving booster shots
• Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus
• Intravenous injection of antibodies
  

Back 33

Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus

Front 34

Which region includes B cells, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages?

Back 34

C

Front 35

What is line C pointing to?

Back 35

Alveolar ducts

Front 36

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?

• naturally acquired active immunity
• naturally acquired passive immunity
• artificially acquired active immunity
• artificially acquired passive immunity
• none of these choices
  

Back 36

naturally acquired passive immunity

Front 37

The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called

• Specificity
• Immunogenicity
• Reactivity
• Epitopes
• Immune Response
  

Back 37

Reactivity

Front 38

What types of cells are located in area C in the figure?

Back 38

T cells and dendritic cells

Front 39

Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation?

• sobbing
• yawning
• sighing
• hiccupping
• Valsalva maneuver
  

Back 39

sighing

Front 40

Which structure in the figure is the cisterna chyli?

Back 40

F

Front 41

Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets the HIV virus?

• B cells
• helper T cells
• cytotoxic T cells
• antigen-presenting cells
• all of these cells are affected by HIV
  

Back 41

helper T cells

Front 42

Where is the soft palate?

Back 42

E

Front 43

Which action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?

• Opsonization
• Cytolysis
• Inflammation
• Complement
• Hybridoma
  

Back 43

Opsonization

Front 44

Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part (s) of the immune system?

• Antigen receptors
• MHC antigen
• Hapten
• MHC antigen and antigen receptors
• Epitopes
  

Back 44

MHC antigen and antigen receptors

Front 45

Which structure in the figure is the main duct for the return of lymph to the blood?

Back 45

A

Front 46

Which cell secretes surfactant?

Back 46

A

Front 47

Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?

• Enzyme
• Kinins
• Cytokine
• MHC
• Leukocyte
  

Back 47

Cytokine

Front 48

Which structure in the figure is the vocal fold?

Back 48

E

Front 49

Which of the following cells is part of the body’s second line of defense?

• Mucous cells
• Germ cells
• B and T Lymphocytes
• Natural killer cells
• None of these choices
  

Back 49

Natural killer cells

Front 50

What is line A pointing to?

Back 50

Epiglottis

Front 51

What is line D pointing to?

Back 51

Corniculate cartilage

Front 52

Which of the following is a forced exhalation against the closed rima glottidis as may occur during periods of straining while defecating?

• sobbing
• coughing
• crying
• hiccupping
• Valsalva maneuver
  

Back 52

Valsalva maneuver

Front 53

Lymph flowing from the afferent lymphatic vessel will travel next to which structure in the figure?

Back 53

B

Front 54

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?

• naturally acquired active immunity
• naturally acquired passive immunity
• artificially acquired active immunity
• artificially acquired passive immunity
• none of these choices
  

Back 54

artificially acquired passive immunity

Front 55

Lymph travels to the efferent lymphatic vessel from which structure in the figure?

Back 55

D

Front 56

Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• lymphocytes
• mast cells
• macrophages
  

Back 56

mast cells

Front 57

Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells?

• Antigen presenting cells
• Primary lymphocytes
• T cells
• RBC
• Epitope cells
  

Back 57

Antigen presenting cells

Front 58

Which letter represents the primary gas exchange structure?

Back 58

E

Front 59

In the diagram this vessel drains lymph from the upper right side of the body into venous blood using a subclavian vein.

Back 59

C

Front 60

Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?

• Type I (anaphylactic) reaction
• Type II (cytotoxic ) reaction
• Type III (immune-complex) reactions
• Type IV (cell-mediated) reactions
• All of these types are common allergic reactions.
  

Back 60

Type I (anaphylactic) reaction

Front 61

What area in the figure is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume?

Back 61

H

Front 62

Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?

Back 62

C

Front 63

Where are the palatine tonsils?

Back 63

R

Front 64

An acute allergic response can lead to:

• transplantation
• retroviruses
• anaphylactic shock
• passive immunity
• active immunity
  

Back 64

anaphylactic shock

Front 65

Lymph travels to the subcapsular sinus from which structure in the figure?

Back 65

A

Front 66

What area in the figure represents the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a deep exhalation?

Back 66

D

Front 67

What structure is also referred to as the Adam’s Apple?

Back 67

J

Front 68

Which structure in the figure is the right lymphatic duct?

Back 68

H

Front 69

When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin _____ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _____.

• Increases, increases
• Increases, decreases
• Decreases, increases
• Decreases, decreases
• Does not change, does not change
  

Back 69

Decreases, increases

Front 70

Where is the uvula?

Back 70

S

Front 71

Which of the following leads to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes?

• Classical complement system
• Alternative complement system
• Apoptosis
• Classical and Alternative complement systems
• Hapten activation
  

Back 71

Classical and Alternative complement systems

Front 72

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in the...

• Lymphatic system
• Cardiovascular system
• Immune system
• Lymphatic and Immune systems only
• Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
  

Back 72

Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

Front 73

Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?

• Cytotoxic T cells
• Helper T Cells
• Memory T Cells
• MHC antigens
• B cells
  

Back 73

Helper T Cells

Front 74

What is line J pointing to?

Back 74

Left primary bronchus

Front 75

Which of the following is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing an exaggerated depression of the mandible, the precise cause of which is unknown?

• sobbing
• Yawning
• coughing
• laughing
• hiccupping
  

Back 75

yawning

Front 76

Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?

• Interleukin-1
• Interleukin-2
• Interleukin-4
• Gamma interferon
• Perforin
  

Back 76

Interleukin-1

Front 77

Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called

• lymphotoxin
• perforin
• granulysin
• interleukin-1
• allergen
  

Back 77

allergen

Front 78

Where is the cricoid cartilage?

Back 78

H

Front 79

Where is the terminal bronchiole?

Back 79

A

Front 80

What area in the figure represents the volume of a normal breath?

Back 80

B