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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The transmission of information between a sender and a recipient.
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Communication
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Ch. 5
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Any interference that causes the message you send to be different from the message your audience understands.
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Noise
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Ch. 5
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Obstacles to effective communication, typically defined in terms of physical, language, body language, cultural, perceptual, and organizational barriers.
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Communication Barriers
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Ch. 5
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Communication among people with differing cultural backgrounds.
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Intercultural communication
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Ch. 5
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Communication that does not use words. Common forms of nonverbal communicaitons include gestures, posture, facial expressions, tone of voice, and eye contact.
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Nonverbal Communication
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Ch. 5
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Attentive listening that occurs when the listener focuses his or her complete attention on the speaker.
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Active Listening
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Ch. 5
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The various ways in which a message can be sent, ranging from on-on-one in-person meetings to Internet message boards.
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Communcation Channels
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Ch. 5
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A negative preception, or prejudice, directed at a particular group. Common forms include gender bias (prejudice against either males or females), age bias (prejudice against people based on their age), and race, ethnicity, or nationality, or nationality bias (prejudice against people based on their background).
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Bias
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Ch. 5
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Sentence construction in which the subject performs the action expressed by the verb (e.g., My sister wrote the paper). Active voice works better for the vast majority of business communication.
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Active Voice
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Ch. 5
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Sentence construction in which the subject does not do the action expressed by the verb; rather the subject is acted upon (e.g., The paper was written by my sister). Passive voice tends to be less effective for business communication.
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Passive Voice
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Ch. 5
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Vi brant, compelling presentation delivery style that grabs and holds the attention of the audience.
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Dynamic Delivery
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Ch. 5
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A liquidity ratio found by dividing a firm's total current assets by its total current liabilities. The current ratio is one of the most commonly used measures of a firm's ability to pay its short-term obligations as they come due.
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Currient Ratio
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Ch. 9
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Measures the extent to which a firm relies on debt financing by dividing total debt by total owner's equity. The higher the value of this ratio, the more the firm is relyin gon debt.
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Debt-To-Equity Ratio
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Ch. 9
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A profitablity ratio that is computed by dividing net income by average common stock equity. If the firm issues preferred stock, the dividends paid to preferred stock are subtracted from net income.
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Return on Equity
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Ch. 9
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A profitability ratio that measures how much a firm earns per share of common stock outstanding.
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Earnings Per Share (EPS)
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Ch. 9
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An asset management ratio that measures the average number of times a firm sells (or "turn over") its inventory in a year.
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Inventory Turnover Ratio
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Ch. 9
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Measures the extent to which a firm relies on debt financing by dividing total debt by total assets. The closer the ratio is to one, the greater the firm's reliance on debt.
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Debt-To-Assets Ratio
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Ch. 9
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A profitability ratio that is found by dividing net income by average total assets.
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Return on Assets
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Ch. 9
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Projected financial statements tha tfinancial managers use during financial planning.
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Pro Forma Statements
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Ch. 9
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A detailed projection of cash flows tht financial managers use to identify when a firm is likely to experience temporary shortages or surpluses of cash.
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Cash Budget
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Ch. 9
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The difference between a firm's current assets and its current liabilities.
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Net Working Capital
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Ch. 9
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Short-term, very safe, and highly liquid assets that many firms include as part of their cash holdiings on their balance sheet.
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Cash Equivalents
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Ch. 9
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Short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by large corporations.
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Commercial Paper
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Ch. 9
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Short-term IOUs issued by the US federal government. Treasury bills are considered to be very safe securities.
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U.S. Treasury bills (also called T-Bills)
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Ch. 9
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A mutual fund that pools funds from many investors and uses these funds to purchase very safe, highly liquid securities.
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Money Market Mutual Funds
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Ch. 9
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Funds that arise as a natual result of a firm's business operations without the need for special arrangements.
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Spontaneous Financing
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Ch. 9
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Credit granted by sellers when they provide customers with goods and services for a period of time before requiring payment.
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Trade Credit
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Ch. 9
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A financial arrangment between a firm and a bank in which the bank preapproves credit up to a specified limit, provided that the firm maintains an acceptable credit rating. The firm can then borrow funds from the bank up to the approved amount without having to negotiate separate loan agreements.
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Line of Credit
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Ch. 9
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A guaranteed line of credit in which a bank makes a binding commitment to provide a business with funds up to a specified credit limit at any time during the terms o fthe agreement. In exchange for the bank's commitment, the firm pays a commitment fee.
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Revolving Credit Agreement
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Ch. 9
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A company that provides short-term financing to firms by purchasing their accounts receivables at a discount.
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Factor
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Ch. 9
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The process a firm uses to evaluate to long-term investment proposals.
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Capital Budgeting
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Ch. 9
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The principles that a dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future.
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Time Line value of money
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Ch. 9
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Earning interest in the current time period on the interest from previous periods.
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Compounding
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Ch. 9
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The amount of money that, if invested today at a given rate of interest, would grow to become some future amount in a specified number of time periods.
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Present Value
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Ch. 9
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The process of converting a future cash flow to its present value.
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Discounting
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Ch. 9
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The rate of interest used when computing the present value of somefuture cash flow. (Note: this term also has another meaning it refers to the rate of charges when it loans funds to banks.)
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Discount Rate
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Ch. 9
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The sum of the present future cash flows from an investment minus the net cost of that investment. It measures the increase in shareholder value expected to result from an investment.
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Net Present Value (NPV)
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Ch. 9
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The mix of equity and debt financing a firm uses to meet its permanent financing needs .
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Capital Structure
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Ch. 9
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Conditions lenders place on fimrs that seek long-term debt financing.
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Covenants
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Ch. 9
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That part of net income that a firm reinvests.
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Retained Earnings
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Ch. 9
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The use of debt in a firm's capital structure.
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Financing Leverage
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Ch. 9
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The power of a good or a service to satisfy customer "wants" by smoothly transferring ownership of goods and services from buyer to seller.
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Ownership Utility
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Ch. 11
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A business philosophy that makes customer satisfaction - now and in the future - the central focus of the entire organization.
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Marketing Concept
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Ch. 11
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The on-going process of acquiring, maintaining, and growing profitable customer relationships by delivering unmatched value.
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
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Ch. 11
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A customer perception that a product has a better relationship than its competitors between the cost and the benefits.
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Value
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Ch. 11
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When customers perceive that a good or service delivers value above and beyond their expectations.
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Customer Satisfaction
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Ch. 11
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When customers buy a product from the same supplier again and again - sometimes paying even more for it than they would for a competitive product.
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Customer Loyalty
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Ch. 11
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A formal document that defines marketing objectives and the specific strategies for achieving those objectives.
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Marketing Plan
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Ch. 11
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Dividing potential customers into groups of similar people, or segments.
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Market Segmentation
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Ch. 11
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The group of people who are most likely to buy a particular product.
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Target Market
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Ch. 11
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Marketers who direct their efforts toward people who are buying products for personal consumption.
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Consumer Marketers (also known as business-to- consumer or B2C)
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Ch. 11
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Marketers who direct their efforts toward people who are buying products to use either directly or indirectly to produce other products.
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Business Marketers (also known as business-to-business or B2B).
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Ch. 11
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Dividing the market into smaller groups based on measurable characteristics about people such as age, income, ethnicity, and gender.
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Demographic Segmentation
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Ch. 11
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Dividing the market into smaller groups based on where consumers live. This process can incorporate countries, or cities, or population density as key factors.
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Geographic Segmentation
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Ch. 11
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Dividing the market into smaller groups based on consumer attitudes, interests, values, and life-styles.
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Psychographic Segmentation
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Ch. 11
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Dividing the market based on how people behave toward various products. This category includes both the benefits that consumers seek from products and how consumers use the product.
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Behavioral Segmentation
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Ch. 11
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The blend of marketing strategies for product, price, distribution, and promotion.
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Marketing Mix
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Ch. 11
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The process of continually collecting information from the external marketing environment.
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Environment Scanning
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Ch. 11
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The percentage of a market controlled by a given marketer.
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Market Share
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Ch. 11
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Description of how people act when they are buying, using, and discarding goods and services for their own personal consumption. Consumer behavior also explores the reasons behind people's actions.
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Consumer Behavior
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Ch. 11
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Consumer discomfort with a purchase decision, typically for a higher priced item.
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Cognitive Dissonance
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Ch. 11
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Describes how people act when they are buying products to use either directly or indirectly to produce other products.
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Business Buyer Behavior
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Ch. 11
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The process of gathering, interpreting, and applying information to uncover marketing opportunities and challenges and to make better marketing project.
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Marketing Research
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Ch. 11
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Existing data that marketers gather or purchase for a research project.
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Secondary Data
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Ch. 11
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New data that marketers compile for a specific research project.
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Primary Data
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Ch. 11
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Marketing research that does not require the researcher to interact with the research subject.
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Observation Research
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Ch. 11
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Marketing research that does not require the researcher to interact with the research subject.
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Survey Research
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Ch. 11
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They development and promotion of products with ecological benefits.
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Green Marketing
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Ch. 11
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The creation of products tailored for individual consumers on a mass basis.
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Mass Customization
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Ch. 11
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