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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the
A. monocytes B. eosinophils C. basophils D. neutrophils |
D. neutrophils
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Phagocytosis of pathogens would be enhanced if
A. the number of neutrophils in the blood increased B. the number of monocytes or neutrophils in the blood increased C. Kupffer cells were destroyed D. the number of monocytes in the blood increased |
B. the number of monocytes or neutrophils in the blood increased
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The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
A. is increased in methemoglobin B. is increased in response to metabolic alkalosis C. is greater than the affinity for carbon monoxide D. decreases as the height above sea level increases |
B. is increased in response to metabolic alkalosis
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Hypotension would induce ___ of afferent arterioles
A. constriction B. no change C. dilation |
C. dilation
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The enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates came from all of the following EXCEPT the
A. pancreas B. salivary glands C. duodenum D. liver |
D. liver
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The optic nerve is formed from fibers of
A. ganglion cells B. bipolar cells C. amacrine cells D. rods and cones |
A. ganglion cells
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Chemoreceptors that monitor blood glucose levels are also
A. exteroceptors B. interoceptors C. special senses D. proprioceptors |
B. interoceptors
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Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a _____ in blood Na+ or an ______ in blood K+
A. increase, decrease B. decrease, decrease C. increase, increase D. decrease, increase |
D. decrease, increase
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Calcium that is needed to activate cross-bridging in smooth muscle mainly comes from
A. dense bodies B. endoplasmic reticulum C. extracellular fluid D. intracellular fluid |
C. extracellular fluid
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Which of the following is NOT true of venous blood?
A. moves toward the heart B. always has a lower oxygen content C. is a dark red color D. all of the choices are true |
B. always has lower oxygen content
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The process of blood cell formation is
A. polycythemia B. hematopoiesis C. hemogenesis D. leukocytosis |
B. hematopoiesis
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The primary function of the large intestine is
A. hormone degradation B. degrading toxins C. water and electrolyte reabsorption D. mineral absorption |
C. water and electrolyte reabsorption
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Dizziness during hyperventilation is due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The decreased blood flow is caused by
A. vasodilation B. decreased respiration C. vasocontriction D. decreased stroke volume |
C. vasoconstriction
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Chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called
A. nociceptors B. exteroceptors C. proprioceptors D. interoceptors |
B. exteroceptors
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______ are composed of crystals and proteins that grow until they break loose and pass into the urine collection system
A. renal columns B. renal pyramids C. renal calyces D. renal calculi |
D. renal calculi
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Erythoblastosis fetalis occurs when
A. the mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood B. the mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood C. the mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O D. the mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh- blood |
A. the mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood
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Norepinephrine is released from ________ nerves, causing heart rate to _____
A. parasympathetic, decrease B. parasympathetic, increase C. sympathetic, decrease D. sympathetic, increase |
D. sympathetic, increase
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack
A. histamine B. type I alveolar cells C. a-antitrypsin D. surfactant |
D. surfactant
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The movement of molecules and ions from the peritubular capillaries into interstitial fluid and then into the nephron tubule is called
A. excretion B. reabsorption C. filtration D. secretion |
D. secretion
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Colostum provides infants with ________ immunity
A. passive B. direct C. active D. innate |
A. passive
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In the absence of light, there is movement of Na+ in the photoreceptors causing a depolarization. This is called the
A. dark current B. visual cycle of retinal C. bleaching reaction D. dark adaptation |
A. dark current
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A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is
A. compliance B. elasticity C. surface tension D. none of the choices are correct |
A. comliance
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What causes the semilunar valves to close?
A. higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles B. higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricle C. higher pressure in the ventricles than in the atria D. higher pressure in the ventricles than aorta and pulmonary trunk |
B. higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles
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Diuretics
A. often act on the proximal convoluted tubule B. induce hypertension C. decrease urine production D. often act on the distal convoluted tubule |
D. often act on the distal convoluted tubule
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The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT
A. the primary bronchi B. the terminal bronchioles C. the respirartory bronchioles D. the larynx |
C. the respiratory bronchioles
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The movement of digested food into the blood of lymph is
A. deglutition B. absorption C. segmentation D. ingestion |
B. absorption
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The process of urination is called
A. micturition B. deglutition C. incontinence D. glomerular filtration |
A. micturition
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A decrease in total peripheral resistance would cause blood flow to
A. remain unchanged B. decrease C. increase |
C. increase
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Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of
A. pepsinogen B. mucus C. gastrin D. hydrocholoric acid |
D. hydrocholoric acid
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Damage to which of the following nerves would reduce GI secretions?
A. vagus nerve B. phrenic nerve C. glossopharyngeal nerve D. hypoglossal nerve |
A. vagus nerve
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A condition in which there is a fall in BP upon standing that is not compensated for by the baroreceptor reflex is called
A. postural hypotension B. postural tachycardia C. postural atherosclerosis D. postural bradycardia |
A. postural hypotension
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The primary drive to breath is elicited by which of the following:
A. reduced PCO2 B. reduced PO2 C. increased PCO2 D. increased PO2 |
C. increased PCO2
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Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the
A. pons B. medulla oblongota C. aortic and carotid bodies D. lungs |
C. aortic and carotid bodies
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What characteristic does the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth have that is unusual?
A. it has a higher than normal concentration of Na+ B. it has a lower than normal concentration of Cl- C. it has a higher than normal concentration of K+ D. it is similar to the perilymph that surrounds the membranous labyrinth |
C. it has a higher than normal concentration of K+
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Which of the following is NOT a response of the body to stress?
A. increased secretion of ACTH B. increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine C. increased immune response D. increased secretion of glucocorticoids |
C. increased immune response
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Carbon dioxide ____ oxygen unloading and oxygen unloading _______ carbon dioxide transport
A. increases, worsens B. decreases, worsens C. increases, improves D. decreases, improves |
C. increases, improves
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The opposing forces that affect fluid movements across capillary are known as
A. oncotic pressures B. Starling forces C. colloid osmotic pressures D. none of the choices are correct |
B. Starling forces
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Which of the following is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear?
A. cochlea B. saccule C. utricle D. semicircular canals |
A. cochlea
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Fuctions of the lymphatic system include all of the following EXCEPT
A. transport of absorbed peptides B. transport of absorbed fat C. providing immunological defense D. transport of interstitial fluid |
A. transport of absorbed peptides
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The two categories of immune defensive mechanisms are ______ and ____
A. innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity B. direct immunity, indirect immunity C. heavy immunity, light immunity D. passive immunity, active immunity |
A. innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity
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Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be
A. increased B. decreased C. unchanged |
B. decreased
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Which leukocytes are the first to arrive at an inflamed site?
A. neutrophils B. monoctyes C. B lymphocytes D. T lymphocytes |
A. neutrophils
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The process of two steroid hormones binding to their nuclear receptors at two half-sites on DNA to initiate transcription is called
A. antagonism B. synergism C. dimerization D. translocation |
C. dimerization
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What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A. stimulates loss of water by the kidneys B. stimulates retention of water by the kidneys C. causes large urine volume D. causes a darkening of the skin |
B. stimulates retention of water by the kidneys
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The biceps brachii causes flexion of the elbow. The triceps brachii causes extension of the elbow, so it would be a/an
A. antagonist B. levator C. agonist D. abductor |
A. antagonist
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The staircase effect or _____ represents a warm up effect due to inceasing intracellular calcium concentrations
A. incomplete tetanus B. treppe C. tetanus D. tonus |
B. treppe
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Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of
A. gluconeogensis B. lipgenesis C. glycogenesis D. glycogenolysis |
C. glycogenesis
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Some tumor cells may produce a surface molecule, which may defend them from T cell attack. These surface molecules are called
A. CD8 coreceptors B. FAS ligands C. antigens D. MHCs |
B. FAS ligands
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________ tissues serve as a barrier to microbial infection
A. muscular B. epithelial C. connective D. nervous |
B. epithelial
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When a muscle cell generates tension but does not shorten, an ______ conctraction occurs
A. isometric B. isotonic C. flaccid D. spastic |
A. isometric
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In response to increased internal temperature blood flow to the skin will
A. decrease B. increase C. remain unchanged |
B. increase
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What ion is necessary for the clotting process?
A. Mg2+ B. Na+ C. Ca2+ D. K+ |
C. Ca2+
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Inhibition of the functions of the descending limb of the loop of Henle would stimulate
A. decreased Na+ reasbsorptions B. decreased water reabsorptions C. increased Na+ reabsorptions D. increased water reabsorption |
B. decreased water reabsorption
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Quiet inspiration will ___ thoracic and lung volume and ____ intrapulmonary pressure
A. decrease, increase B. increase, decrease C. decrease, decrease D. increase, increase |
B. increase, decrease
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Hormones which enhance the responsiveness of a target organ to a second hormone have
A. permissive effects B. synergistic effects C. complementary effects D. antagonistic effects |
A. permissive effects
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The first successful vaccination with an attenuated virus was conducted by
A. Pasteur B. Jenner C. Einstein D. Newton |
A. Pasteur
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Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called
A. mastication B. degluitition C. segmentation D. peristalsis |
D. peristalsis
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The metabolic regulation of blood pH occurs in
A. the kidneys B. the lungs C. all organs D. the liver |
A. the kidneys
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Which of the following is true for the first 30 minutes of heavy exercise?
A. most energy is derived from glycogen and plasma glucose B. the % of energy obtained from plasma free fatty acids exceeds that of mild exercise C. the % of energy obtained from plasm glucose is less than that of moderate exercise D. all of the choices are correct |
A. most energy is derived from glycogen and plasma glucose
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The _____ immune response occurs faster, is stronger, and lasts longer than the ___ immune response
A. secondary, tertiary B. tertiary, primary C. secondary, primary D. primary, secondary |
C. secondary, primary
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The ability of the kidneys to remove molecules from the blood plasma by excreting them in the urine is known as
A. reabsorption B. glomerular filtration C. micturition D. renal clearance |
D. renal clearance
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Hypoventiliation can correct
A. metabolic acidosis B. respiratory acidosis C. respiratory alkalosis D. metabolic alkalosis |
D. metabolic alkalosis
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What chemical is released by mast cells that aids in the inflammation process by causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?
A. proteases B. histamine C. heparin D. cytokines |
B. histamine
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Which of the following is NOT a type of cone?
A. yellow B. blue C. green D. red |
A. yellow
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What occurs when the pressure in the ventricles drops below the pressure of the atria?
A. SL valves open B. AV valves close C. AV valves open D. SL valves close |
C. AV valves open
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Pupil diameter would be increased by
A. contraction of the superior rectus muscle B. contraction of the circular muscles C. contraction of the radial muscles D. contraction of the ciliary body |
C. contraction of the radial muscles
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The more movable bony attachment is the
A. origin B. insertion C. extensor D. flexor |
B. insertion
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Dangerously low BP that results from infection is
A. neurogenic shock B. septic shock C. cardogenic shock D. anaphylatic shock |
B. septic shock
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Pepsin would have the greatest activity
A. immediately upon entering the duodenum B. when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3 C. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3 D. immediately upon secretion into the stomach |
C. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3
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Cardiac action potentials usually originate in ____ cells
A. pacemaker B. Purkinje C. chordaw tendinae D. septal |
A. pacemaker
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Cardiac output is equal to
A. stroke volume - cardiac rate B. stroke volume / cardiac rate C. stroke volume x cardiac rate D. stroke volume + cardiac rate |
C. stroke volume x cardiac rate
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What type of cell found in the blood produces antibodies?
A. plasma cell B. neutrophil C. monocyte D. basophil |
A. plasma cell
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John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?
A. B only B. B or O C. O only D. AB only |
B. B or O
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The pancreas secretes hormones involved in regulation of
A. blood glucose B. the stress response C. growth reproduction D. metabolic rate |
A. blood glucose
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What are the swellings on the autonomic nerves that release neurotransmitter to smooth muscle called?
A. varicosities B. gap junctions C. neuromuscular junctions D. myoneural junctions |
A. varicosities
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Myosin contains binding sites for ______ and _____
A. troponin, ATP B. ATP, actin C. actin, calcium D. sodium, calcium |
B. ATP, actin
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