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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are estuaries? |
Semi closed area where salt water and fresh water meet and mix intermediate salinity |
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What are the 4 types of estuaries |
Drowned river valleys Bar built estuary Tectonic Fjord/glacier carved |
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Drowned river valleys created |
Sea levels raise and invade river valleys Formed after last ice age Chesapeake Bay Delaware river |
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Bar built created |
Here the accumulation of sediments along the coast builds up sandbars/barriers that act as a wall between freshwater and ocean Partially isolates the water Along TX of gulf of Mexico |
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Tectonic created |
Land sinks or subsides San Francisco Bay |
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Fjord/glacier carved |
Glaciers cut deep, narrow valleys that were invaded by seawater Scandinavians
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Physical conditions found in estuary |
Salinity -freshwater requires less salinity Other: Substrate Wave action Temp Turbidity Oxygen |
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Why is primary production important |
Important b/c it's the conversion of CO2 into organic matter by autotrophs.....supplies food at base of food chain |
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Gross primary productivity |
Total amount of organic carbon manufactured by primary producers |
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Net primary productivity |
Organic matter that is left over and dorms the base of the tropic pyramid |
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How does the bottle method allow scientists to estimate productivity |
To measure primary production scientists put sweater samples in both clear and dark bottles The clear bottle allows light to enter so both photosynthesis and respiration take place The amount of O2 produced reflects the balance of photosynthesis over respiration or net primary production. To calculate the total production of organic matter by photosynthesis the amount of respiration must be known This can be measured from the amount O2 used up in the dark bottle where only respiration occurs b/c the light is blocked Amount of oxygen produced clear and dark bottle Clear=NPP ; phytoplankton (photosynthesis and respiration) Dark=GPP; cellular respiration (amount of oxygen used up) |
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Standing crop |
Total amount of phytoplankton in the water is called the standing stick or standing crop of phytoplankton;refers to how much phytoplankton is already in the water |
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Compensation depth |
Compensation point occurs at different depths depending on prevailing conditions. The depth which photosynthesis =respiration is the compensation depth Generally occurs where light intensity is reduced to 1%of surface intensity |
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What factors are important for primary productivity and phytoplankton abundance? |
Adequate amount of sunlight and nutrients |
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Turbidity |
Affects the penetration of light. It's the cloudiness of water. Increase in turbidity equals decrease in penetration |
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What is the advantage for phytoplankton of having photo pigments with different absorption spectra? |
Different photo pigments cab be absorb different so photosynthesis is more effecient |
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Physical condition found in estuary |
Mouth of estuary connects with ocean:increase in marine Head water:river dump freshwater |
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Why and how do Donal clamp and emeritus migrate with the tides? |
Migrating filter feeders Rather than push through sediments they push the sediment through them They digest the organic matter and leave the rest of the sediments behind |
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Describe general pattern of zonation of animals in the soft sediment intertidal |
Upper part is drier than the lower because water drains rapidly from the sand Upper beach is inhabited by beach hoppers or sand fleas which are amphiopods or isopods |
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Suspension feeder |
Animals that fees by straining suspend matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over specialized filtering structure Dominate where the sediment are more sandy |
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Kinds of adaptations are seen in mesopelagic organisms and what purpose do the serve |
Counter illumination Large light sensitive eyes |
