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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ornithschia |
Triceraptops |
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Sauropodomorpha |
Herbivores larg |
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Theropods |
Carnivor dinos |
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Clavical |
Theropods didnt have it so it was believed to be lost an re-evolved |
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Deinochychus |
Theropod with first similarities to birds |
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Majungasaurus |
Same hollow area in vertabrae as cranes |
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microraptors |
Had quill nobs |
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Microraptor |
Asymmetrical flight feathers |
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Maniraptora |
Unique wrist bone, clawed hands, 3 fingers |
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Confuciussornis |
No keel, long wings, pygostyle |
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Archaeopterix |
Oldest bird, 1861, 140 to 150 mya, transition fossil |
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3 origin of flight theories |
Cursorial, arboreal, slope climbing |
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Transition from archeopterix to modern |
Enantornithes, ornithurae |
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First modern birds |
Gansus, struthioniformes, tinamiformes |
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Carl linnaeus |
Binomial species naming |
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3 types of scientific nomenclature |
Mono, poly, and paraphyletic |
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Monophyletic |
All of one species grouping |
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Polypheletic |
Sister group without common ancestor |
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Paraphyletic |
Sister group with common ancestor -1 group |
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Vicariance |
Splitting of taxonomic group by geographic transformation |
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Dispersal |
Motor movement splitting of taxonomic group |
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Oxidental |
Western |
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Oriental |
Eastern |
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Biogeographic regions 8 |
Neartic: na, neotropical: sa, afrotropical, palaeartic: asia and europe, indomalayan, oceania, australia, antarctic |
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Dna hybridization |
Testing bonding strength in dna strands between two organisms |
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Biological species concept |
Two animals considered different species by; isolation mechanisms, mating compatability, reproductive isolation (allopatry) |
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Phylogenetic species concept |
Use patterns in phylogenetic trees to determine species |
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Calamus and rachis |
Shaft of feather |
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Open and closed pennaceous |
Burbules do or dont hook together |
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Vane |
Interlocking bars |
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Small to big vane stucture |
Baricels,barbules, barb, ramus, rachis |
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Last glacial maximum |
25 kya |
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Distal |
Top of feather |
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Proximal |
Bottom of feather |
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Dermal papilla |
Growth spot of feather |
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Plecotial |
Born with feathers |
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Altrucial |
Born naked |
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8 feather tracks top to bottom |
Capital, humeral, alar, ventral, dorsal, fermoral, crural, caudal |
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6 feather types |
Flight contour, semiplume, body contour, down, filoplume, bristle |
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Remiges |
Flight contour feathers (8-32) |
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Retrices |
Tail flight feathers (6-32) |
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Filoplume |
Work to control as sensory receptors |
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Prolactin |
Hormone that triggers molting |
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Simple molt |
Small birds, down the line one at a time |
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Complex molt |
Large birds, molt in groups of feathers |
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Simultaneous molt |
All at once |
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Progression of molts |
Inside out |
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Uropgyial gland |
Spreads oil on wings |
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75 mya |
Quill nobs |
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120 mya |
Asymmetrical flight feathers |
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Rosalie edge |
Hawk mountain, 1934 |
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Father of ornithology |
Andrew Wilson (1766-1813) |
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John J. Audubon |
Painter, studied birds (1785-1851) |
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James G. Cooper |
Ornithology society |
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Florence Bailey |
First female recognized in birding organization |
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Rachel Carson |
Observed declines in bird species ( 1907) |
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Rosemary Grant |
With husband researched finches in galapagos (1936) |
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Susan Haig |
Alive- oregon state research |
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Dee Boersma |
Penguin research |
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Kim Bostwick |
Cornell ornithology research lab feather evolution |
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National journals |
Auk, wilsons bulletin, condor, journal of field ornituology, journal of raptor research |
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State journals |
Passenger pigeon, loon |
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Birds/reptile affinities |
Occipital condyle, middle ear bone, hetero chromosomes, nuclead red blood cells, egg teeth |
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Bird traits |
Hollow bones, line pnuematic skeleton, keel, fused bones, horny beak, reduced gential, air sacs, syrinx |
