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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define metabolism and describe
fundamental differences between anabolism and catabolism |
Metabolism: is the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
Catabolism: chemical reactions that releases energy. Involves breakdown of bonds. An exergonic process. Anabolism: energy-using process, when bonds are created. Usually involves dehydration synthesis. An energonic reaction. Catabolic reactions provide building blocks for anabolic reactions. ATP stores energy derieved from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions. |
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Describe the mechanism of Enzymatic action
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When and enzyme and a substrate combine, the substrate is transformed and the enzyme is recovered.
An enzyme is a protein produced by living cells that activate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. |
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What is a metabolic pathway and how are they determined?
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MP is a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell.
MPs are determined by enzymes Enzyes are encoded by genes. |
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List factors influencing
Enzymatic Activity |
Temperature: At high temp, enzymes denature and lose their catalytic properties. At low temp, their reaction rate decreases. Best it 37 C.
pH level: about 5 is known is optimal pH. Enzymatic activitiy increases as substrate concentration increases until the enzymes are saturated. Competitive Inhibitin: competition with normal substrate for active site. NonCompetitive Inhibition: inhibits another site on enzyme, changes shape of active site. Feedback Inhibition: prevents cells from washing energy and resources to continue making substances doesn't need. Enzyme end in '-ase' |
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Define terms of enzyme components.
List important coenzymes. |
Apoenzyme: protein part (big part).
Important coenzymes: NAD, NADP, Coenzyme A. CoFactor: either nonprotein component, or coenzym(if organic) Substrate: Part that fits into active site. (produces Reactants) Holoenzyme: Apoenzyme & cofactor. |
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What is a Ribozyme?
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RNA that cuts and splices RNA. Its RNA that acts like an enzyme
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What is oxidation-reduction?
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Oxidation: the remove of one or more electrons from a subtrate. Usually Hydrogen
Reduction: a substrate gains one or more electrons. REDOX- a action where an oxidation reaction is paired with a reduction reaction. |
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Describe the function of an electron transport system
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to produce a ATP from electrons that are brought to the elctron transport chain by NADH produced from respiration and Krebs Cycle.
Works in inner membrane of mitochondria in eukaryote OR plasma membrane of prokaryotes. |
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Briefly describe glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
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Glycolysis: oxidation of glucose to pyuric acid. Word means splitting of sugar. Produces ATP and NADH Pyric acid continues to be used in 2 different processes, RESPIRATION and FERMENTATION.
Krebs Cycle: Takes place in Respiration, using pyruvic acid as input. Intermediate step before, after glycolysis, oxidisizes pyruvic acid - produces Acetyl CoA. Krebs cycle produces NADH and FADH2. |
