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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The filaments that (most) fungi
produce to absorb nutrients are called: |
hyphae.
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ectomycorrhizae
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Which of the following fungal
structures aids in spore dispersal? |
1
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Fungi include:
a. yeasts. b. decomposers. c. pathogens. d. smuts. e. All of the above. |
All of the above
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A monophyletic group is
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How old are the earliest fossils of eukaryotes as
defined by the superkingdoms? |
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What causes amoeboid feeding cells of cellular
slime molds to aggregate into a large multicellular “slug” form? |
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Which of the following explains why photosynthesis is widely but discontinuously distributed throughout the eukaryotic tree?
a. Photosynthesis was acquired early in evolution, but then lost. b. Photosynthesis was acquired multiple times through endosymbiosis. c. All eukaryotes are capable of photosynthesis, but it is repressed in some cases. d. Some eukaryotes evolved photosynthetic pathways separate from chloroplasts. |
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Which molecule is oxidized in the
photosynthetic reaction? |
1
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What is the initial carbon input in the Calvin
cycle? |
1
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What wavelengths of light can
carotenoids not absorb? |
Orange
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A carpel is…
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Endosperm is a tissue that is present in
which of the following structures? a. the eggs of green algae b. the spores of bryophytes c. the spores of lycophytes d. the seeds of gymnosperms e. the seeds of angiosperms |
1
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In what type of seeds would Pfr be
most abundant? |
What functions do roots and shoots perform for
the plant? |
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During germination,
A. seed coats provide nutrition to the developing embryo B. endosperm, if present, provides nutrition to the developing embryo C. hypocotyl hooks are the first structures to emerge from the seed coat in eudicots D. all of the organs a plant will have at maturity are present in the embryo E. All of the above are true for at least some species |
1
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If growth rings result from different cell sizes, what
causes different cell sizes? |
Environmental conditions
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At the end of mitosis the daughter cells are
____, at the end of meiosis the daughter cells are _____. (Ploidy Level) |
1
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Why does meiosis result in more genetic
variation than can be explained by mutation alone? |
Crossing Over
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After mitosis, cytoplasm is divided between
the two daughter cells in a process known as___. |
Cytokinesis
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What is the main limitation of cell size?
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parent cell divides to form two genetically
identical daughter cells in the process of mitosis. For mitosis to take place _____. A. the parent cell must first dissolve its nuclear membrane B. the parent cell must first replicate its entire genome C. the parent cell must first achieve a specified size D. the parent cell must divide its original DNA in half |
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What is one possible mechanism for the
immense diversity observed in complex multicellular organisms? |
1
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When did the first complex multicellular
organisms appear? |
575 MYA
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Some cells have several nuclei per cell. How
could such multinucleated cells be explained? |
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What structures are used in animal cells to
move molecules between cells? |
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In simple multicellularity:
A. there is extensive communication between cells. B. cells are highly differentiated and specialized. C. most cells retain a full range of functions. D. some cells are not in direct contact with the external environment. |
1
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Which of the following are classified as land
plants, but not as vascular plants? A.gymnosperms B.angiosperms C.lycophytes D.bryophytes E.algae |
Coenocytic
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Which of the following structures transport
water within a vascular plant? A.tracheids B.vessels C.sieve tubes D.companion cells E.a and b F.c and d |
1
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CAM plants:
A.carry out the Calvin cycle at night. B.store CO2 in bundle sheath cells. C.harvest CO2 at night. D.specifically avoid photorespiration. E.All of the above. |
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All multicellular organisms have:
A. organs and organ systems B. mechanisms for cell adhesion C. predators D. specialized cells E. differentiated cells |
mechanisms for cell adhesion
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The evolution of multicellularity occurred:
A. once B. 3-4 times overall C. twice D. at least 6 times E. An unknown number of times |
1
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Which of the following is characteristic of
complex multicellularity? A. all cells are exposed to an exterior surface B. interior cells are tolerant of lower O2 levels than exterior cells C. interior cells are exposed to a different physical and chemical environment than exterior cells D. All cells of a complex multicellular organism express the same genes |
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The tips of the branches on a phylogenetic
tree represent... |
1
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If a redwood tree increases in diameter, not
height, this is a result of |
1
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If the two guard cells of a stoma increased their
potassium concentration, which draws water into the cells, what happens to the stoma? |
1
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Which of the following processes does not
require plants to spend energy? A.Water transport in xylem B.Carbohydrate transport in phloem C.C3 photosynthesis D.C4 photosynthesis E.CAM photosynthesis |
1
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Plants lose a great deal of water from leaves
during_________. |
Transpiration
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Plant growth is due to actively dividing cells
called |
Meristem cells
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In which of the following structures of a
vascular plant would you expect to find totipotent cells? |
1
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A researcher finds a symbiotic relationship
between a plant and a fungus embedded in the plants root tissue. What type of fungus would this be? |
1
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Hormones play a role in which of the
following plant processes? A. Stem development B. Root development C. Fruit ripening D. Gravitropism E. All of the above |
1
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10. The wood of gymnosperms is composed of
_________. |
1
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Which molecule is oxidized in the photosynthetic
reaction? |
1
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In terms of the evolution of photosynthesis, which
process happened first? A. endosymbiosis B. mitochondrial membrane structure C. chloroplast membrane structure D. horizontal gene transfer |
1
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What wavelengths of light can chlorophyll not
absorb very well? |
Green
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How does the plant cell protect itself from excess,
high-energy, electrons? |
1
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A maple tree increases in diameter. This is a
result of: |
1
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Recall that if a plant stem is exposed to sunlight only on its right
side, it will lean toward the right (in the direction of the light source). Why? A. Auxin collects on the left side of the plant, causing cells to elongate. B. Auxin collects on the right side of the plant, inhibiting cell elongation. C. Statoliths collect on the left side of the plant, causing cells to elongate. D. Statoliths collect on the right side of the plant, inhibiting cell elongation. E. b and c |
1
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Which of the following statements is true
regarding plant roots? |
1
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Characters that are similar because of descent from
a common ancestor are: |
1
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Which phylogenetic group includes all
descendants of a common ancestor and only the descendants of that ancestor? A.monophyletic B.paraphyletic C.polyphyletic |
1
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Plant life cycles alternate between a sporophyte
stage and a gametophyte stage. In the sporophyte stage, _____. A. gametes are produced by mitosis B. spores are produced by meiosis C. gametes are produced by meiosis D. cells contain half the DNA of a gametophyte cell E. spores release sporangia |
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Which of the following is not diploid (2n)?
A. an angiosperm seed coat B. pollen grains C. rose petals D. tree bark E. the roots of a pine tree |
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To be useful for phylogenetic reconstruction,
a taxonomic character must exhibit which of the following properties? A. It must vary among the taxa being analyzed and vary within individual taxa B. It must have a genetic basis C. It must be anatomical D. It must be molecular E. It must be traceable at least four generations back in time |
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Only homologous characters are useful in
constructing phylogenetic trees. |
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When comparing trees with various
hypotheses of evolutionary relationships between a group of animals, the tree with _________ would be the strongest candidate. A.fewest changes B.three changes C.four changes D.most changes |
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What types of data can be used to construct
phylogenies? A. Molecular data B. Fossil evidence C. Physical and behavioral measures of extant species D. Molecular data, Fossil evidence, Physical and behavioral measures of extant species E. Only a and c above |
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Most mosses are quite small. Why?
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If angiosperms contained tracheids and no
xylem vessels, which of the following statements would be true? a. The rate of photosynthesis could be much higher in angiosperms. b. Water transport in angiosperms would be less efficient. c. Angiosperms would become resistant to cavitation. d. Angiosperms could survive in any environment, including Antarctica. e. All of the above. |
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Which of the following is true of both
gymnosperms and angiosperms? A. Seeds contain a triploid endosperm B. Seeds contain a diploid embryo C. Seeds contain a triploid seed coat D. Seeds contain haploid male gametophyte E. Seeds contain a diploid female gametophyte |
Seeds contain a diploid embryo
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Which is true of pollen of both gymnosperms
and angiosperms? A. Pollen grains consist of four cells B. Angiosperm individuals produce more pollen than gymnosperm individuals C. Pollen tubes are formed for fertilization D. Pollen contains a diploid male gamete E. Pollen is produced by the stigma |
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Which prevents desiccation of the fern spore?
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Photosynthetic protists are informally referred
to as: A. Spores B. Plants C. Fungi D. Animals E. Algae |
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What biological technique has provided
evidence in establishing the eukaryotic superkingdom? A. Molecular sequencing and comparison B. Bacterial culturing C. Identification of land plants D. Visualization of cell shapes E. None of the above |
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