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Hydroxyl Group

R--OH Hydrophilic

Carboxyl Group

COOH, R--C--O--O--H Weakly acidic can release H+.

Phosphate Group

PO4


Weakly Acidic

Ketone

Carbonyl groups in the middle. Carbonyl Group O has double covalent bond with C.

Aldehyde

Carbonyl group at the end of a molecule and bonded to at least 1 H.

Amino

Weakly basic. Accepts H+. R--NH2.

Sulfhydryl

R--SH Helps stabilize internal structure of proteins.