Exam 1

Front 1

Hypotheses

Back 1

A prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested.

Hint 1

-More narrow that theories.

-Help test theories.

Front 2

Experiment

Back 2

The investigation of the relationship between two (or more) variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effect of that change on other aspects of the situation.

Hint 2

Cause and effect relationships

Front 3

Experimental manipulation

Back 3

The change that the experimenter deliberately makes.

Hint 3

Steps: develop hypothesis or hypotheses. (Ex. Poorly lit room= low test scores).

Front 4

Experimental group

Back 4

Group that receives a treatment

Front 5

Control group

Back 5

Group that receives no treatment

Hint 5

Test takers in well lit rooms perform better that test takers in a poorly lit room.

Front 6

Independent variable

Back 6

Manipulated variable

Hint 6

Lighting

Front 7

Dependent variable

Back 7

Measured variable that is expected to change as a result of manipulating the IV

Hint 7

Test scores

Front 8

Random assignment to condition

Back 8

Participant are assigned to groups based on change.

Hint 8

Guarantees equal change of characteristics distribution to various groups.

Front 9

Significant outcome

Back 9

Meaningful results that lead to confirmation of hypotheses

Front 10

Replicated research

Back 10

Repeated research using different procedures, settings, groups of people to increase confidence in previous findings.

Front 11

The scientific method

Back 11

-Identify questions of interest

-Formulate an explanation

-Carry our research

-Communicate the findings

Hint 11

4 steps

Front 12

Central nervous system

Back 12

Composed of:

Brain, spinal cord

Front 13

Brain

Back 13

Is responsible for the functioning of the endocrine system

Front 14

Old brain Central core

Back 14

Controls basic functions example eating, sleeping

Hindbrain, medulla, pons, cerebellum thalamus, hypothalamus Amygdala, hippocampus

Front 15

Lateralized (new brain)

Back 15

Dominance of one hemisphere in specific functions

Left controls right side of body (speaking, reading, reasoning)

Right side controls left side of the body (special relationships, recognition, music, emotional expression, processes of information as a whole)

Front 16

Principle of conservation

Back 16

Knowledge thw quality is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects

Front 17

Cerebral cortex

Back 17

The new brain. Gives the ability to think, evaluate, and make complex judgements.

-Cerebral cortex, 4 sections called lobes:

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital.

Front 18

Médula

Back 18

Controls breathing and heartbeat

Front 19

Pons

Back 19

Transmitter of motor information, sleep regulation

Front 20

Cerebellum

Back 20

Balance, alcohol depresses it, involved with problem solving

Front 21

Thalamus

Back 21

Located in middle of Central core relay station for information about the senses

Front 22

Hypothalamus

Back 22

Located below the thalamus, homeostasis- steady internal environment for the body, provides constant body temperature, regulates eating, drinking, sexual behavior

Front 23

The limbic system beyond the central core

Back 23

Controls eating, aggression, and reproduction

Front 24

Amygdala

Back 24

Fear and aggression example Savage animals gone good

Front 25

Hippocampus

Back 25

Learning and memory.

It's stimulation with electrodes is compared to sexual orgasm

Hint 25

-Patient with part of limbic system removed cannot remember his address where he had lived eight years ago

-rats Peak electrical stimulators over food

Front 26

New brain

Back 26

The motor area of the cortex, the sensory area of the cortex.

Front 27

Motor area of the cortex

Back 27

Largely responsible for the body's voluntary movements.

Hint 27

Facial expressions and finger movements

Front 28

Sensory area of the cortex

Back 28

Corresponds to body sensations

Hint 28

Fingers

Front 29

Neuroplasticity

Back 29

The brain continually recognizing itself. Adaptation to new situations

Front 30

Neurogenesis

Back 30

New neurons created in certain areas of the brain during adulthood

Hint 30

Memory and learning

Front 31

Left brain

Back 31

Controls right side of the body, verbal competence, processes information sequentially

Hint 31

Speaking, reading, reasoning

Front 32

Right brain

Back 32

Co trips left side of body

Hint 32

Spatial relationships, recognition of patterns and drawings, music, emotional expression, processes information as a whole

Front 33

Down syndrome

Back 33

One of the causes of mental retardation

Occurs when zygote receives an extra chromosome at conception

Higher risk when mother is younger than 18 or older than 35 years old.

Front 34

Suicide causes

Back 34

School problems, self destructive behavior, loss of appetite or excessive eating, withdrawal from friends and peers, sleeping problems, signs of depression, preoccupation with death, putting affairs in order, giving away prized possessions, preparing care of pet, explicit announcement of thoughts of suicide.

Front 35

Neurons

Back 35

Dendrites, axon, terminal buttons, myelin sheath,

Front 36

Dendrites

Back 36

Clusters of fibers that receive messages from other neurons

Found at one end of the cell

Front 37

Axon

Back 37

Carries messages receives by the dendrites to other neurons

Found at opposite end of the cell than dendrites

Front 38

Terminal buttons

Back 38

Send messages (impulses) to other neurons

Hint 38

Electrical messages

Move in one direction only

Front 39

Myelin sheath

Back 39

Protective coating of fat and protein that wraps around the axons

Increases velocity of impulses as they travel through axons

Hint 39

Hot stove

Front 40

All or none law

Back 40

Neurons transmitting an electrical impulse along the axon either on or off

Front 41

Resting state

Back 41

Off, negative electrical charge

Front 42

Mirror neurons

Back 42

Specialized neurons that fire mot only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual.

Front 43

Synapse

Back 43

Space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neurons communicates with the dendrites of a receiving chemical message

Front 44

Within neuron messages travel in...

Back 44

Electrical form

Front 45

Between neurons messages travel in...

Back 45

Chemical form

Front 46

Neurotransmitters

Back 46

Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to a dendrites of a receiving neuron

Front 47

Excitatory messages

Back 47

Increase likelihood that neuron will fire

Front 48

Inhibitory messages

Back 48

Decrease likelihood that neuron will fire

Front 49

Reuptake

Back 49

Reabsorption by the terminal button period it's understanding like to develop of drugs to treat psychological disorders

Front 50

Three kinds of neurons involved in reflexes

Back 50

1. Sensory neurons. Transmit info from perimeter of body to CNS Motor (efferent) neurons. communicate info from neuron system to glands and muscles.

Intern neurons. connects sensory and motor neurons period carries messages between sensory and motor neurons