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75 Cards in this Set
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Academy |
The Royal French Accademy of painting and sculpting was the Art School of France. This academy elivated the arts on an intelectual level |
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Hierarchy of Genres |
1. Historyical paintings 2. Portraiture 3. Scenes of daily life 4. Land Scapes 5. Animal paintings 6. Still lifes |
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History Painting |
Were the highest regaurded form of paintings according to the Acadamy. They dipicted a scene form history and had a point or a moral that te viewer could lear from |
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Regency |
Time when France wasn't governed by a king instead by a regent working until Louis XV was old enough |
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Fete Galante |
Outdoor setting with beautiful people lounging around. It had no focus on one thing, and used a pastel pallete |
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Salon |
Public place to show works of art, often artists would sell thier works here. Salons led to the development of public critics, people outside of the academy. |
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Genre scene |
scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. |
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Grand Tour |
The Grand tour was a route taken by primarily upper class Brittish people to view art. This took people through France, Italy, Greece and to Rome. The term "The Macoroni": Brittish man who takes the tour and takes too much forien influence back to Brittain. (Faggots) |
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vedute |
Veiw Paintings |
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Sublime |
Has a power to express strong emotion. Used especial in romantism |
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Rococo ( style) |
Modern style, new syle, style of the century. This new style was not scene as a good thing by the royal academy. They saw it as having no meaning or point. Uses the human body for proverbial pleasure, especialy nude women. The rococo painters went for a brushy blended style of art. |
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Neoclassicism |
A movement back to historical genre paintings, foccusing what was considered classical subjects (Ancient Greek and Roman mostly) |
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"Gersiant's Shopsign" 1721By Antoine Watteau Painting depicting a art gallery in Paris. In the painting there are several things happening, in the left side of the painting there is a painting of louis the IV being packed up to be moved, presuamably to someones home. on the right side there is aman inspecting a painting and a transaction being made. |
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"Pilgrimage to Cythera", 1717 by Antoine Watteau A rococo painting that depicts the a group of well dressed people making their way to the island of Cythera. Was a romantc painting that broke away from historical painting. This painting was not really in a genre so they made a new one, Fete Galante. Had a mythological aspect with the flying cupids, sign of love. brush strokes were swirled, and pastels were used. |
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"Susannah Accused of Adultery", 1695 by Antoine Coypel Was a historical painting, that was highly regaurded. Had a real reason |
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"Triumph of Venus" 1740 By Francois Boucher Rococoan painting, oil on canvas, depicting a mythological scene. Has many aspects of rococo like; the ammount of nude subjects, especialy women, swirling brush strokes that mix the colors giving no clear lines, mythological scene, no clear main subject or point, |
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"Hercules and Omphale" 1731 by Francois Boucher A Rococoan painting that depicts hercules and his wife, I think, in an intimate moment. Both of the figures are nude, and there are two winged babies, representing love. This has a lot less mixing of colors and line definition. |
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"The Swing", 1767 by Jean-Honore Fragonard Was a rococoan painting in the Fete Galante genre (outdoor setting). The painting is about a love affair between the woman on the swing and the man laying in the bushes. There is a clear use of light and dark to direct the viewer's attention through the scene. The man in the background is litteraly pulling the string attached to the swing, but also pulling the strings of the love affair, this is a very permiscuous painting, and depicts what a lady of this time should not behaive like. |
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"The Prayer before Meal" before 1740 By Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin Was a still life painting, which was lower on the genre Hierachy. He was classified as a colorist, and shows his brushstrokes on the cavas allowing the paint to build up. Shows image disploying good morals, and strong family life, with religious undertones. This is a strong change form the promiscuous rococo paintings. used to show that france is still stron |
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Etienne La Font de Saint |
First published critic of Rococo. He was very harsh on it stating that it has no values, too many women, and was bery trivial. |
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"Filial Piety", 1763 By Jean - Baptiste Greuze Stilllife painting focusing on domestic life. Greuze paints strong sugestive paintings that tell stories, like Historical paintings. In this painting he depicts the strong ties of a family in an elder's last moments. This painting is of a middle class family. Was praised in the Art world for a return from rococo, back to moralistic art. The painting has the ability to move instuct reform and edify. This is how a family should treat its elders, to make their last moments bearable. This is the duty of the son or daughter. |
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Sensibilite |
the ability to be deeply moved by something outside of yourself |
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"The Marriage Settlement" 1745 by William Hogarth Was part 1 from the series of paintings "Marriage A-la-Mode. The scene is of two families meeting to finalize the terms of the marriage between the daughter of a up-and-coming sucessful merchant and a upperclass noble man. The two to be weds seem disinterested in eachother, which is a hint towards the outcome of their marriage. Hogarth paints to suggest how society is supposed to be using satire. |
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"A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery" 1766 By Joseph Wright of Derby During the Anti-Rococo period, this painting depictst the scientific advancemts and praises the progress in the enlightenment. There are many diverse subjects of this painting including the scientist lecturing, a couple of children, a man writing notes, and most importantly a woman (Enlightenment idea that women canparticipate in advancing society too) |
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Vidute (term) |
View Paintings |
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"Piazza San Marco" late 1720s by Canaletto Canaletto was a still life painter who painted for the Grand Tourists. He was the most saught after Venisian artist of the time. Was a vedute painting of a Venisian plazza. Shows how Venise is both permanite and changing. Use of Camera Obscura, and well defined lines of objects, very detailed |
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Camera Obscura (term) |
A devise used to capture a moment to paint later when used by a still life artist, such as Canaleto. Allows for extreme detail |
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Capriccio (term) |
A fantasy view of the Grand Tour sights |
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"Portrait of Colonel William Gordon" 1766 By Pompeo Batoni A portrait of a man on the Grand Tour, like so many of these portraits was Capriccio meaning it included many different asspects and works in one place that are realistically not there. The man in this painting is a British Colonel dressid in a kilt showing his scottish heritage |
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"Welladay! Is this my son Tom!" 1774 Satirical painting dipicting a British father and son. The son has just gotten back from the Grand Tour and has become a "Macaroni" (faggot). The son's appearance is that of a dainty french man, while the father is a strong well built Englishman with large manly features. The father is taken by suprise at his son's transformation thanks to this trip. This was a warning to the Brits about the forien influences that are being brought back from the Grand Tour and tainting the young Brits, and turning them into Macaronis |
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"Charles Townley and Friends in the Townley Gallery", 1782 By Johann Zoffany Depicts Charles Townley's personal collection of Classical pieces of art that he collected from the grand tour. Shows how large some of these Brittish noblemen's collection were. |
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"Portland Vase" Wedgwood and Sons. Based on works in the Hamilton collection. Wedgwood developed a way to produce mass ammounts of pottery which improved the life of everybody since this was a vast improvement of their dishes. |
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"Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi", 1785 By Angelica Kauffmann Angelica was the only woman in Europe who were admitted into the accademy who specialized in history painting. This painting was classified as a neo-classcist painting. Reinforced gender steriotypes of the time of domestic involvement of women betters the country |
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"Oath of Haratii" 1784 By Jacques-Louis David Part of the Neoclassic movement, and tried to undo the damage done by rococo. Encourages civic commitment to the authority in France. There is a clear classical subjects, and a moral of commitment to one's father/leader. There is also a story behind the women in the corner, and these women are representing women's role and not taking part in this fued. This painting was commisioned by Louis XVI to encourage civic comitment, but didnt help him since he was exicuted 9 years after completion |
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"Rising of the Sun", 1753 By Francois Boucher This painting was a rococoan painting of the the Greek God Apollo making the sun rise, surounded by beautiful barely clothed women. Te use of swirling colors and no clear subject or meaning makes this a great example of a rococo painting. |
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"Mr and Mrs Andrew" 1750 By Thomas Gainsborough Portrature painting comisioned by two upperclass newly weds to show off their status through their land, thier dress, the leisurely aspects included in the painting. Shows man in nature. |
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"Elizabeth Sheridan" 1787 By Thomas Gainsborough Was a little more rococo than his previous works, especialy the way the subject is incorperated into nature. There are no clear dinstinctive lines between the woman and the nature around her. Builds bridges between subject and nature through colors and bruswork. |
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"Self-portrait with Two Pupils" 1785 by Adelaide Lbille Guiard Was one of the 8 women admitted to the French academy. This painting challenges the idea that women should be modest, through her clothing. She also pushes for training for women, especially since she is the one training the other women. |
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"Marie-Antoinette en chemise" 1783 By Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun Comissioned by the queen, this painting was released and almost emediatley taken back. The intimacy of the painting was not very queen like, and didnt help the growing concern that she wasnt even a french woman, how can she rule. The dress she wore in the painting was very british in style. Not only that, but it was informal and in a way showed her as an equal to the people She repeats this painting showing the queen in a more French and Formal way |
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"Marie Antuinette and her Children", 1787 By Vigee-Lebrun Very differnt than her previous portraitures of her. She was painted as a matriarch and motherly with her children around her. She is wearing a French style dress, and a somber face. In the painting was a jewelry cabnet that adressed the scandal involving a impersonator sending letters to a cardinal claiming to be the queen flirting with him and asking him to send jewelry. The cardinal complied and the queen was blamed. The public already was questioning her spending and didnt help the talk of revolution from spreading. |
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"The Death of General Wolfe", 1770 By Benjamin West A shift back to Historical paintings with Contemporary History. Was a battle scene with the death of General Wolfe. Wolfe is shown as a jesus figure, a martyr, and is sourounded by a diverse group of British, and a native american, gathering to watch this great man die and mourn. The use of the light shining down on the general realy helped sell the idea that he was a martyr. |
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Contemporary History |
Usually a relatively recent event, these paintings provided opportunity to relect on society and the issues. |
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"Oath of the Tennis Court", 1791 By Jacques-Louis David Was never finished and left as just a sketch, this depicts the third estate meeting at a local tennis court to discuss the financial crises. This was done right before the French Revolution, and all of the people depicted were real. |
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"The Death of Marat", 1793 By Jacques-Louis David Depicts the murdered Revolutionary dead in his bathtub, after being stabed. This was at at a major point in the revolution. Marat was depicted as a martyr for the cause of revolting by his posture and calm accepting expression. |
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"Bonaparte Visiting the Plague House at Jaffa", 1804 By Antoine-Jean Gros After Napolean Bonaparte's rise to power and his decloration that he is the emperor of France, he went on a military campain that took him to Syria. This painting depicts him visiting the sick and risking his health doing so. This was a sort of propaganda to improve his image. Shows that he has no fear, even in the face of this horrible and highly infectous disease. There is a clear sepperation between Napolean and the sick. |
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Romanticism |
Type of painting, more about the viewer by making them involved in the situation through strong emotional images |
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"Third of May", 1814 By Fancisco Goya In 1808 Napoleon usurped the Spanish Royal family and placed his brother on the throne. The french troops invaded spain and were met with local resistance. The next day the French troops exicuted hundreds of Spanish citizens in response to the resistance. This painting depicts one of these exicutions. Goya uses many tools to make the viewer empathise with the Spanish and hate the French, including dehumanizing the French and showing the man in the center as a Christ Figure. |
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"Raft of the Medusa" 1819 By Theodore Gericault Depicts what is left of the crew of a French Naval ship after being adrift. 150 started, only 10 survived. Shows both hope and despaire with the different survivors. shows the moment they flagged a ship down. Also depicts Man vs nature, and even Man vs man. Gericault studied actual decaying bodies to help him with the odies of the survivors, and dead |
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"Massacre at Chios", 1824 By Eugene Delacoix Was the massare of the Greeks by the ottamins. Shows the horror of this battle extended to the citizens not just the military |
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"The Nightmare" 1781By Henry Fuseli Romantic painting, with a strong supernatural tone. This painting is of a impish figure sitting on a dreaming woman's chest. The woman is presented for visual apretiation of the viewer. There is a strong feeling of terror in this painting shown by the dark colors and scary impish figure. |
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"The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons" 1835 By JMW Turner No clear lines, and the this is such an awe inspiring event that the people can't help but stare at this. Nature is an unstopable force |
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" The Slave Ship" 1840 By JMW Turner Two possible meanings. So horrific it inspires empathy for the slaves from the viewer. Romantic painting |
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"Monk by the Sea", 1810 By Caspar David Friedrich Eminseness of the sea almost swallows the monk makes the viewer feel insignificant vastness of the sky linked with God and Heaven His figures are allways posed facing away from the viewer to empasize their awe of nature. |
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"The Oxbow" 1836 America, Thomas Cole Left side nature is unruly, while on the right nature is civilized. evidence of human activity. was a portraiture since he painted himself in it. |
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Antoine Coypel |
France 1690s Historical Paintings "Susannah Accused of Adultery" |
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Antoine Watteau |
France early 1720s Still life and rococo later "Gersaint's shopsign" "Pilgrimage to Cythera" |
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Francois Boucher |
France Mid 1700s "Triumph of Venus" 1740 Rococo "Hercules and Omphale" 1731 Rococo "Rising of the Sun" 1753 Rococo |
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Jean-Honore Fragonard |
France mid 1700s "The Swing" 1767 Rococo |
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Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin |
France mid 1700s "The Prayer before Meal" 1740 Still life, anti rococo |
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Jean-Baptiste Grueze |
France mid 1700s "Filial Piety" Still life very Sensibilte Must know |
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William Hogarth |
Britain mid 1700s "The Marriage Settlement" 1745 Still life |
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Joseph Wright of Derby |
Britain mid to late 1700 "A philosopher giving a lecture at the Orrery" 1766 Still life during Antirococo era |
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Canaletto |
Italy early 1700s Grand tour still life artist "Piazza San Marco" 1720 |
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Pompeo Batoni |
Italy mid 1700 Grand tour Portrature "Portrait of Colonel William Gordon" 1766 |
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Johann Zoffany |
Brittian late 1700s Neoclassism still lifes "Charles Townley and Friends in the Townley Gallery" 1782 |
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Wedgwood and sons |
late 1700s Neoclassism |
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Angelica Kauffmann |
Brittian late 1700s Neoclassism era Contemporary History paintings "Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi" 1785 |
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Jacques-Louis David |
Late 1700s, almost to the French revolution, Neoclassism Contemporary History paintings "Oath of the Horatii" |
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Thomas Gainsborough |
Brittain late 1700s Portaiture Rococo almost "Mr and Mrs Andrew" 1750 "Elizabeth Sheridan" 1787 |
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Adelaide Labille-Guiard |
France late 1700s One of eight women admitted to the royal academy challenged ideas |
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Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun |
France late 1700s, right before revolution Personal portraiture of Marie Antoinette |
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Benjamin West |
Brittain late 1700s, American Colonies Contemporary History artist "the Death of General Wolfe" 1770 |
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Jacques-Louis David |
France late 1700s, during the French Revolution Contemporary painter "Oath of the Tennis Court" 1791 "The death of Marat" 1793 |
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Francisco Goya |
Spain early 1800, Napoleanic period Contemporary History "Third of May" |
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Theodore Gericault |
France early 1800s Contemporary History "Raft of Medusa" 1818 |
