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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics exclusive to the endocrine system,when compared with the nervous system |
Effective in coordinating cell,tissue,and organ activities on a sustained,long term basis |
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Why is the hypophyseal portal system efficient? |
If secrets regulatory hormones that influence endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland |
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What is true about peptide hormones |
They are chains of amino acids such as glycoprotein,small proteins or polypeptides |
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If levels of calcium are low in the blood,what hormone would restore calcium to homeostasis |
PTH |
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Which indirect acting hormone below activates adenylate cyclase and will produce a change in cellular activities by way of cAMP |
TSH |
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What is critically important about the vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system |
Provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones Will reach target cells in the adenohypophysis before being diluted in general circulation |
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What is the role of FSH in males |
Stimulates sustenacular cells,which then promotes maturation of sperm |
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If a person has been drinking alcohol,how is ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected |
ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol |
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A person with diabetes insipidus has a decrease secretion of_______ |
ADH |
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Why do high levels of cortisol,a steroid hormone from the supraenal cortex,cause a decrease in the pituitary secretion of ACTH |
Because ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol |
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Which pancreatic type is paired with the hormone it produces |
Beta cells/ insulin |
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What is concerned a function of insulin |
-Facilitate the transport and utilization of glucose by cells -promotes protein synthesis |
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What is considered an affect of glucagon |
Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue |
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Cells in the______ are insulin independent which means that they can _________. |
-Brain,kidney,&digestive tract -absorb glucose without insulin simulation |
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Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and why do the frequently urinate? |
- less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys - water loss reduces blood volume,promoting secretion of ADH |
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Increased amount of sunlight inhibit the production of which hormone |
Melatonin |
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Iodine deficiency in the diet produces what symptom |
Goiter |
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Deficiencies of which hormones impede normal skeletal development |
GH,TH,PTH & reproductive hormones |
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What is the effect of renin secretion by the kidneys |
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 |
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All of the following except_______ occur during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome |
Increased mental alertness and increased blood pressure |
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Which of the following is not an effect of TH on major organ systems |
Decreased turnover of minerals in bone |
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The removal of the parathyroid gland result in a decrease in the blood concentration of which important mineral |
Calcium ions |
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Failure of the zona Glomeralosa to secrete aldoesterone would result in_____ |
Loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decrease reabsorption of water at the kidneys |
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Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata _______ in the liver and has a _______ effect on CRH in the hypothalamus |
-Increases glucose synthesis -Inhibitory |
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Melatonin is well known for.its role in regulating circadian rhythm. What are two other functions of melatonin? |
Inhibiting reproductive functions and protecting CNS nuerons from free radicals. |
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In what are hormonal effects of E and NE from the suprarenal medulla similar to the effects of glucocorticoids from zona fasciculata |
Both increase blood glucose levels and promotes the breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids |
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What will happen to the penis if the arteries within the penis dilate |
The attains an erection |
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On a warm day,why will the cremaster muscle be relaxed |
Normal sperm development depends on the testes being 1.1C cooler than the body temperature |
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Which Structure Move With the testes during their descent from the abdomen |
Ductus deferens,testicular artery,lymph vessels,and nerves |
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Which of the following in not a function of sustenacular cells |
Produce androgens,particularly testosterone |
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How is the generation of four sperm possible from one spermatogonium |
Meiosis 1 yields two haploid secondary spermatocytes which go through meiosis2 and become four haploid spermatids |
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Which layer of.the uterus is sloughed off during menstration |
Functional layer of the endometrium |
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What event occurs in the uterine cycle when the levels of the estrogens and progesterone decline |
Menses |
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What is the fate of.the corpus luteum of.fertilization does.not.occur |
It disintegrates into a corpus albicans |
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Oral contraceptives contain estrogen and progesterone. What effect does taking oral contraceptive have on the menstrual cycle |
Inhibits ovulation |
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Why does the level of FSH rise and remain high during menopause |
Estrogen levels decline |
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Which of the following below is a function of.the ovaries |
The secretion of FSH is inhibited by inhibin |
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How is an oocyte transported along the uterine tube |
-ciliary movement "turns on" just before ovulation to propel the oocyte - peristaltic contractions of the uterine tubes propel the oocyte |
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Which of the following is true of.the oogenesis |
Oogenia complete their mitotic divisions before birth |
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Why does oogenesis yield only one functional ovum |
Oogenesis produces 2or3 polar bodies,which later disintegrate |
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Which of the following occurs during the process of spermiogenesis |
Spermatids differentiate into mature sperm |
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What changes are observed in the ovarian cycle if the LH surge does.not.occur |
Completion of meosis 1 by the primary oocyte and.ovulation will not occur |
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An inability to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles impedes which part of the male sex act |
- ejaculation - orgasm |
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What is a direct effect of low FSH secretion in males |
The rate of sperm production decreases |
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When stem cells called spermatogonia divide, on differentiates into a primary spermatocytes. What happens to the second daughter cell? |
It remains in the outer layer of the seminiferous tubule |
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In the male reproductive system the prostate gland release an antibiotic called_______. This protects against urinary tract infections in the male. |
Seminalplasmin |
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What statement is.true with regard to female anatomy |
- the uterus is superior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum -The uterus is suspended by the broad ligament and attaches to the lateral body wall - the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease secondary to STDs is higher in females |
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If a male has his prepuce surgically removed, what has happened to him |
Hes been circumcised |
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What benefits does the acidic pH of the vagina provide |
Prevents bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections |
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Which statement is true with regard to spermatogenesis |
The spermatozoa become motile when they are within the epididymis |
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Which scenario results in females if GnRH is absent or it is secreted as a constant rate,rather than in pulses |
FSH and LH secretion within hrs |
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What effect does blockage of both uterine tubes by scar tissue (resulting from an STD) have on a womans ability to concieve |
She becomes sterile |
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What is it pointing to? What cells does it have? What hormones does it release? |
Alpha=glucagon Beta=insulin |
