Exam 1

Front 1

Biology includes the direct study of ________

Back 1

Plants

Front 2

Molecules are made up of _____________

Back 2

subatomic particles and atoms

Front 3

A hypothesis is _____________

Back 3

A proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon

Front 4

Do atoms and molecules have kinetic energy all the time?

Back 4

Atoms and molecules have kinetic energy ALL THE TIME (unless they are at absolute zero!), even when they make up a solid material.

Front 5

When two atoms form a chemical bond and share electrons equally between them, this is known as a ______________

Back 5

Covalent Bond

Front 6

Which atom in a water molecule has the highest electronegativity?

Back 6

Oxygen

Front 7

Which statement is true regarding an atom found in the far left hand column of the periodic chart?

Back 7

This atom is most likely to become an ion with a +1 charge.

Front 8

Which characteristic of water protects fish when a lake freezes?

Back 8

Solid water is less dense than liquid.

Front 9

If a substance has a pH that is LESS THAN 7, it is considered _____________

Back 9

Acidic

Front 10

Do basic or acidic pH has more hydrogen ions?

Back 10

Acidic.

Front 11

The weak chemical bonds that form between two water molecules are known as ____________

Back 11

Hydrogen bonds.

Front 12

Water is a ____________ molecule.

Back 12

Polar.

Front 13

If a small amount of acid is added to a buffered solution, the pH of that solution will most likely __________

Back 13

Stay the same.

Front 14

If carbon dioxide (CO2) is bubbled through water (H2O), the pH of the solution will ___________

Back 14

Decrease.

Front 15

If a person hyperventilates, the pH of her blood will _____________

Back 15

Increase because she will blow off more carbon dioxide

Front 16

If a person holds her breath, the pH of her blood will _______________

Back 16

Decrease because she will have too much carbon dioxide

Front 17

Solution A has a pH of 8. Solution B has a pH of 10. How much more acidic is solution A than B?

Back 17

Solution A is 100 times more acidic than solution B.

Front 18

You have a test tube that is half full of oil and half full of water. You drop an unknown purple substance into the test tube. The bottom half of the test tube turns PURPLE. What characteristic does the unknown substance have?

Back 18

It is hydrophillic

Front 19

Proteins are made of repeating units of ________________

Back 19

Amino acids.

Front 20

Monosaccharides and polysaccharides are two classes of ____________

Back 20

Carbohydrates

Front 21

The four major groups of organic compounds are ________________

Back 21

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front 22

Glucose, ribose, and fructose are __________

Back 22

Monosaccharides

Front 23

applied science

Back 23

a form of science that solves real-world problems

Front 24

atom

Back 24

a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions

Front 25

basic science

Back 25

science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of
that knowledge

Front 26

biology

Back 26

the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments

Front 27

biosphere

Back 27

a collection of all ecosystems on Earth

Front 28

cell

Back 28

the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

Front 29

community

Back 29

a set of populations inhabiting a particular area

Front 30

control

Back 30

a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment

Front 31

deductive reasoning

Back 31

a form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to forecast specific
results

Front 32

descriptive science

Back 32

a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and find things out

Front 33

ecosystem

Back 33

all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that
environment

Front 34

eukaryote

Back 34

an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Front 35

evolution

Back 35

the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising
from older species

Front 36

falsifiable

Back 36

able to be disproven by experimental results

Front 37

homeostasis

Back 37

the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

Front 38

hypothesis-based science

Back 38

a form of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then
tested

Front 39

hypothesis

Back 39

a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested

Front 40

inductive reasoning

Back 40

a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general
conclusion

Front 41

life science

Back 41

a field of science, such as biology, that studies living things

Front 42

macromolecule

Back 42

a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules

Front 43

molecule

Back 43

a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond

Front 44

natural science

Back 44

a field of science that studies the physical world, its phenomena, and processes

Front 45

organ system

Back 45

the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs

Front 46

organelle

Back 46

a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell

Front 47

organism

Back 47

an individual living entity

Front 48

organ

Back 48

a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function

Front 49

peer-reviewed article

Back 49

a scientific report that is reviewed by a scientist’s colleagues before
publication

Front 50

phylogenetic tree

Back 50

a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species
based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both

Front 51

physical science

Back 51

a field of science, such as astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies
nonliving matter

Front 52

population

Back 52

all individuals within a species living within a specific area

Front 53

prokaryote

Back 53

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Front 54

science

Back 54

knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when
acquired and tested by the scientific method

Front 55

scientific law

Back 55

a description, often in the form of a mathematical formula, for the behavior of some
aspect of nature under certain specific conditions

Front 56

scientific method

Back 56

a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful
observation

Front 57

scientific theory

Back 57

a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

Front 58

tissue

Back 58

a group of similar cells carrying out the same function

Front 59

variable

Back 59

a part of an experiment that can vary or change

Front 60

Which of the following statements
is false?
A. Tissues exist within organs which exist
within organ systems.
B. Communities exist within populations
which exist within ecosystems.
C. Organelles exist within cells which exist
within tissues.
D. Communities exist within ecosystems
which exist in the biosphere.

Back 60

B. Communities exist within populations
which exist within ecosystems.

Front 61

The smallest unit of biological structure that
meets the functional requirements of “living” is
the ________.

Back 61

Cell

Front 62

Which of the following sequences represents
the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level?
a. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem,
population
b. organism, organ, tissue, organelle,
molecule
c. organism, community, biosphere,
molecule, tissue, organ

d. biosphere, ecosystem, community,
population, organism

Back 62

d. biosphere, ecosystem, community,
population, organism

Front 63

A suggested and testable explanation for an
event is called a ________.

Back 63

Hypothesis

Front 64

The type of logical thinking that uses related
observations to arrive at a general conclusion is
called ________.

Back 64

Inductive reasoning

Front 65

Describe the 9 basic characteristics that identify living systems.

Back 65

Order

Composed of one or more cells

Sensitivity/response to stimuli

Reproduction

Evolutionary adaptation

Growth & Development

Homeostasis

Energy Processing

Regulation

Front 66

What is an emergent property? Why is life considered an emergent property?

Back 66

Life is more than the sum of its parts. All is one & one is all.

Front 67

Describe all the levels of organization in living systems from smallest to largest.

Back 67

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Front 68

trans-fat

Back 68

a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across
from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond

Front 69

acid

Back 69

a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH

Front 70

adhesion

Back 70

the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance

Front 71

amino acid

Back 71

a monomer of a protein

Front 72

anion

Back 72

a negative ion formed by gaining electrons

Front 73

atomic number

Back 73

the number of protons in an atom

Front 74

base

Back 74

a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH

Front 75

buffer

Back 75

a solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

Front 76

carbohydrate

Back 76

a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is
1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells

Front 77

cation

Back 77

a positive ion formed by losing electrons

Front 78

cellulose

Back 78

a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to
the cell

Front 79

chemical bond

Back 79

an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in
the formation of molecules

Front 80

chitin

Back 80

a type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and
crustaceans, and the cell walls of fungi

Front 81

cohesion

Back 81

the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water;
creates surface tension

Front 82

covalent bond

Back 82

a type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms
when electrons are shared between elements

Front 83

denaturation

Back 83

the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to
chemicals

Front 84

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Back 84

a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the
hereditary information of the cell

Front 85

disaccharide

Back 85

two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond

Front 86

electron transfer

Back 86

the movement of electrons from one element to another

Front 87

electron

Back 87

a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks
functional mass and has a charge of –1

Front 88

element

Back 88

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain
the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique
properties

Front 89

enzyme

Back 89

a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

Front 90

evaporation

Back 90

the release of water molecules from liquid water to form water vapor

Front 91

fat

Back 91

a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists
in a solid form at room temperature

Front 92

glycogen

Back 92

a storage carbohydrate in animals

Front 93

hormone

Back 93

a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland
or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes

Front 94

hydrogen bond

Back 94

a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially
negatively charged elements or molecules

Front 95

hydrophilic

Back 95

describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving

Front 96

hydrophobic

Back 96

describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing

Front 97

ionic bond

Back 97

a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges

Front 98

ion

Back 98

an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and
therefore has a net charge

Front 99

isotope

Back 99

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Front 100

lipids

Back 100

a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water

Front 101

litmus paper

Back 101

filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a
pH indicator

Front 102

macromolecule

Back 102

a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

Front 103

mass number

Back 103

the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

Front 104

matter

Back 104

anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 105

monosaccharide

Back 105

a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates

Front 106

neutron

Back 106

a particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1

Front 107

nonpolar covalent bond

Back 107

a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are
shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent
bonds

Front 108

nucleic acid

Back 108

a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries
instructions for the functioning of the cell

Front 109

nucleotide

Back 109

a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base

Front 110

nucleus

Back 110

the dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Front 111

octet rule

Back 111

states that the outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can hold eight
electrons

Front 112

oil

Back 112

an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature

Front 113

pH scale

Back 113

a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions
of a substance

Front 114

periodic table of elements

Back 114

an organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and
mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements

Front 115

phospholipid

Back 115

a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a
phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

Front 116

polar covalent bond

Back 116

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and
away from another, resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the
molecule

Front 117

polypeptide

Back 117

a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Front 118

polysaccharide

Back 118

a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched

Front 119

protein

Back 119

a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Front 120

proton

Back 120

a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a
charge of +1

Front 121

radioactive isotope

Back 121

an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable
element

Front 122

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Back 122

a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein
synthesis

Front 123

saturated fatty acid

Back 123

a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the
number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

Front 124

solvent

Back 124

a substance capable of dissolving another substance

Front 125

starch

Back 125

a storage carbohydrate in plants

Front 126

steroid

Back 126

a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

Front 127

surface tension

Back 127

the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules
from separating

Front 128

temperature

Back 128

a measure of molecular motion

Front 129

triglyceride

Back 129

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

Front 130

unsaturated fatty acid

Back 130

a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in
the hydrocarbon chain

Front 131

van der Waals interaction

Back 131

a weak attraction or interaction between molecules caused by slightly
positively charged or slightly negatively charged atoms

Front 132

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical
bond?

Back 132

Hydrogen

Front 133

An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number
of 22. How many neutrons does it have?

Back 133

11

Front 134

Magnesium has an atomic number of 12.
Which of the following statements is true of a
neutral magnesium atom?

Back 134

It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12
neutrons.

Front 135

. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.

Back 135

fructose
glucose
galactose

Front 136

Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.

Back 136

polysaccharides

Front 137

Phospholipids are important components of
__________.

Back 137

the plasma membrane of cells

Front 138

The monomers that make up proteins are
called _________.

Back 138

amino acids

Front 139

Standardized variables

Back 139

Remain the same