Exam 1

Front 1

Science is not based on

Back 1

biased opinions.

Front 2

Which of the following statements is not true about a hypothesis?

Back 2

It always withstands the test of experiments.

Front 3

A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations is a(n)

Back 3

hypothesis.

Front 4

A medical scientist is designing an experiment to test the results of a new drug that she hypothesizes will greatly reduce and possibly eliminate the side effects of a new cancer treatment. If this experiment is to be set up correctly, she must

Back 4

divide the patients into two groups and give one group the new drug and the other group a drug that has no effect (for example, a tablet that only contains sugar).

Front 5

The scientific method involves making careful observations, asking questions, formulating hypotheses, collecting data, testing, and making conclusions about the collected data. Of the following statements about toxic wastes, select the choice that science cannot address.

Back 5

Science can say that a river should not be polluted.

Front 6

Which of the following characteristics are not necessary to being
"alive"?

Back 6

movement

Front 7

Darwin described which of the following as "those individuals that possess superior physical, behavioral, or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed," and thus more likely to pass their traits to the next generation?

Back 7

natural selection

Front 8

A critical requirement of Darwin's theory is

Back 8

genetic variation is possible in nature.

Front 9

Essay on the Principle of Population, written by Thomas Malthus in 1798, influenced Darwin's thoughts as he struggled to understand what mechanisms could be at work to produce evolution. Malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants, including humans,

Back 9

increased geometrically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased arithmetically.

Front 10

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its ______ number.

Back 10

atomic

Front 11

Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of _____________.

Back 11

isotopes

Front 12

When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. They are known as

Back 12

ions.

Front 13

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as

Back 13

covalent.

Front 14

In the crystal matrix of ordinary salt, the sodium and chlorine are held together by

Back 14

ionic bonds.

Front 15

Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the water molecule is

Back 15

polar.

Front 16

Water molecules are attracted to each other because of the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules. These attractions are called

Back 16

hydrogen bonds.

Front 17

Water is extremely important in living things for all of the following reasons except

Back 17

it is an excellent buffer.

Front 18

Compared with a pH of 7, a solution of pH 5 has

Back 18

100 times the hydrogen concentration.

Front 19

A substance that acts as a reservoir for H+ ions, opposing any increase or decrease in concentration, is a(n) _____.

Back 19

buffer

Front 20

The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. A reaction referred to as ________________.

Back 20

dehydration

Front 21

Non-polarity and insolubility characterize biological compounds known as _______.

Back 21

lipids

Front 22

In _________ the average chain length of amylose is much greater, and has more branches, than plant starch.

Back 22

glycogen

Front 23

The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called

Back 23

glucose

Front 24

A common lipid for energy storage is

Back 24

triglycerides.

Front 25

Macromolecules that are used by organisms to store hereditary information are called

Back 25

DNA molecules.

Front 26

DNA, RNA, and ATP contain functional units known as

Back 26

nucleotides

Front 27

The nitrogen base not found in DNA is called

Back 27

uracil

Front 28

Nucleic acids are created with

Back 28

phosphodiester bonds

Front 29

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA. The name of this chemical complex is a

Back 29

chromatin.

Front 30

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called

Back 30

amino acids.

Front 31

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called

Back 31

amino acids.

Front 32

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure?

Back 32

secondary

Front 33

Proteins are created with

Back 33

peptide bonds

Front 34

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin. When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

Back 34

The protein becomes denatured.

Front 35

All _____ contain a plasma membrane.

Back 35

cells

Front 36

A semi-fluid matrix called the _________ occupies the area between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.

Back 36

cytoplasm

Front 37

The interior of eukaryotic cells contain numerous membrane-bound structures called _________.

Back 37

organelles

Front 38

A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a _____.

Back 38

nucleus

Front 39

Ribosomes are

Back 39

large molecular aggregates of protein and RNA.

Front 40

Of the following organisms, which has genetic material in a single, circular molecule of DNA devoid of any histone proteins?

Back 40

bacteria

Front 41

True multicellularity is a major characteristic of

Back 41

eukaryotes only.

Front 42

In all of the following characteristics, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes except in

Back 42

nucleic acids as the hereditary material.

Front 43

In which of the following characteristics, prokaryotes and eukaryotes are similar?

Back 43

contain ribosomes

Front 44

Some ribosomes are embedded into

Back 44

rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 45

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in

Back 45

energy release/capture.

Front 46

Membrane-bound organelles that contain powerful enzymes found in cells are known as

Back 46

lysosomes.

Front 47

Flattened sacks of membranes apparently involved in the packaging and export of molecules synthesized in the cell are known as

Back 47

Golgi bodies

Front 48

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the finding of non-nuclear DNA in which of the following organelles?

Back 48

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 49

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to the

Back 49

flagella.

Front 50

If you were working inside of a cell and you needed to move a vesicle along microtubules toward the center of the cell, which molecular motor(s) would you choose to help you?

Back 50

dynein

Front 51

Centrioles are organelles which have all of the following except

Back 51

a lipid bilayer.

Front 52

The functions of the cytoskeleton include all of the following except

Back 52

ribosome assembly.

Front 53

Cell crawling is essential for all of the following except

Back 53

cytoskeleton reorganization.

Front 54

The plasma membrane is a thin sheet of lipid embedded with

Back 54

proteins

Front 55

The following are all functions of a typical plasma membrane except

Back 55

permanence in composition.

Front 56

If you were to replace the phosphate group of a phospholipid with a fatty acid chain, you would have

Back 56

a triglyceride.

Front 57

The part of a membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer is primarily composed of amino acids that are

Back 57

non-polar.

Front 58

While water continually orients phospholipids into a lipid bilayer, it does not fix the lipids permanently into position. Thus, the bilayer is considered to be _______ in nature.

Back 58

fluid