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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A nonpathological enlarged heart, often found in endurance athletes, that results primarily from left ventricular hypertrophy in response to training.
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Athlete's heart
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The average absolute power output a person can maintain during a fixed period of time on a cycle ergometer, or the average speed or velocity a person can maintain during a fixed period of time.
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Submaximal endurance
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Training for more than one sport at the same time, or training multiple fitness components (such as endurance, strength, and flexibility) within the same period
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Cross-training
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Training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy- producing systems and can improve cardiorespiratory endurance.
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Aerobic training
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The ability of a muscle to resist fatigue.
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Muscular endurance
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Those people in a population who show little or no response or adaptation to a stimulus.
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Low responders
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Training that improves the efficiency of the anaerobic energy- producing systems and can increase muscular strength and tolerance for acid-base imbalances during high-intensity effort.
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Anaerobic training
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The family study that helped confirm that each individual responds differently to the same exercise stress
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Heritage Family Study
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Those people in a population who show clear or exaggerated responses or adaptations to a stimulus.
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High responders
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The maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during maximal exertion; also known as aerobic power, maximal oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen consumption, and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity.
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VO2 Max
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The ability of the body to sustain prolonged exercise
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Cardiorespiratory endurance
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Increased reliance on fats for energy production during endurance activity, rather than stores of glycogen.
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Glycogen sparing
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The ratio of carbon dioxide expired to oxygen consumed at the level of the lungs
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Respiratory exchange ratio
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A compound similar to hemoglobin, but found in muscle tissue, that carries oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria.
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Myoglobin
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T/F: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is limited primarily by the oxygen transport to the working muscles, not the available mitochondria and oxidative enzymes.
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True
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If you increase your exercise intensity beyond the point at which you reach VO2max, ____________.
a. you will continue to be able to exercise effectively, because your body will continue to meet the oxygen demands of your muscles b. your coordination will improve, because the increased oxygen will stimulate efficient functioning of the muscles c. your oxygen consumption will either plateau or decrease, meaning your body can’t deliver oxygen as quickly as needed to meet your muscles’ demands d. your blood pressure will plummet drastically, causing dizziness and fatigue |
c. your oxygen consumption will either plateau or decrease, meaning your body can’t deliver oxygen as quickly as needed to meet your muscles’ demands
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T/F: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of one muscle group to sustain prolonged exercise.
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False
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Megan is an avid cross-country skier. She trains several days a week year-round, skiing outdoors in the winter months and using a cross-country skiing machine in the off-season. How has Megan’s cardiovascular system probably adapted?
a. increased stroke volume, increased resting heart rate, increased heart rate recovery period, and increased blood flow to the muscles b. decreased heart rate and stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, and increased blood flow to the muscles c. increased cardiac output at rest, decreased red blood cell volume, decreased heart rate recovery period, and decreased blood flow to the muscles d. increased stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, decreased heart rate recovery period, and increased blood flow to the muscles |
d. increased stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, decreased heart rate recovery period, and increased blood flow to the muscles
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T/F: The left ventricle wall becomes thicker only with resistance training.
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False
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A person with bradycardia likely has ____________.
a. abnormal cardiac function or a diseased heart b. a highly conditioned heart c. an extremely high resting heart rate d. either a or b |
d. either a or b
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T/F: After endurance training, a person’s lactate threshold will occur at a higher rate of work than it did before training.
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True
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Craig is a long-distance cyclist who trains year-round. He has probably experienced which respiratory adaptations because of his training?
a. decreases in tidal volume, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, and respiratory rate at maximal levels of exercise b. increases in tidal volume, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, and respiratory rate at maximal levels of exercise c. decreases in tidal volume, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, and respiratory rate at submaximal levels of exercise d. none of the above |
b. increases in tidal volume, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, and respiratory rate at maximal levels of exercise
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T/F: Resistance training, in combination with endurance training, appears to restrict improvement in aerobic power and may decrease short-term endurance.
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False
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Which would be the best activity to test the VO2max of a competitive cyclist?
a. running uphill on a treadmill b. stair-stepping c. rowing on a rowing machine d. pedaling a cycle ergometer |
d. pedaling a cycle ergometer
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T/F: Resting and submaximal oxygen consumption greatly increases following endurance training.
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False
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Anaerobic training does NOT cause ____________.
a. strength gains b. improved efficiency of movement through optimized fiber recruitment c. decreased muscle aerobic capacity d. improved muscle buffering capacity |
c. decreased muscle aerobic capacity
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Cross- training refers to training for____________.
a. more than one sport at the same time b. several different fitness components at one time c. one sport in the winter then training for another sport in the summer d. both a and b |
d. both a and b
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T/F: For most athletes, training on a treadmill is the best way to improve VO2max values
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False
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Specificity of training has been studied using ________________.
a. sprint training one leg and endurance training the other b. sprint training one leg and letting the other leg remain untrained c. endurance training one leg and letting the other leg remain untrained d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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T/F: The higher the initial state of conditioning, the smaller the relative improvement in VO2max for the same program of training.
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True
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Aerobic training does NOT cause ____________.
a. enlarged type I fibers b. increased myoglobin content c. increased activity of oxidative enzymes d. decreased number of capillaries supplying each muscle fiber |
d. decreased number of capillaries supplying each muscle fiber
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T/F: The average speed, or velocity, a swimmer can maintain during a fixed period of time is a good measure of his or her submaximal endurance.
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True
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