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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pecentage of Salt Water
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Saltwater = 97.2%
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Percentage of Fresh Water
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= 2.8%
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Hypoxia
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– little or no O2
(<2 mg/l dissolved oxygen DO) and little or no marine life |
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Point Source
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single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the environment. Ex.
Smokestack, exhaust pipe, drainpipe |
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Non-Point Source
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arge or dispersed land areas that discharge pollutants into the
environment over large area. Ex. Agricultural lands, golf course, streets |
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Stormwater
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surface water runoff that flows into storm sewers or surface waters
(A non-point source pollutant and the worst source of pollution in N.C./U.S.) |
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What is water pollution?
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Degradation of water quality as measured by physical, chemical, and biological
criteria. Criteria consider the intended use of the water such as departure from the norm, effects on public health, and ecological impacts. |
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Major pollutants are:
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1. Oxygen demanding waste (BOD)
2. Pathogens (FC bacteria counts) 3. Nutrients (lead to eutrophication) 4. Oils 5. Toxic substances (organic and inorganic compounds) 6. Heavy metals 7. Radioactive materials 8. Thermal 9. Sediment 10. Odor |
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Problematic pollutants:
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Fecal
bacteria, low dissolved oxygen in tributaries and the upper lake, algal blooms (UNCW Water Monitoring) |
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Clean Water Act
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requires large and medium sized towns across the United States to take steps to reduce
polluted stormwater runoff. The law was applied in two phases. The first phase addressed large cities. The second phase, often referred to as ”Phase II,” requires medium and small cities, fast growing cities and those located near sensitive waters to take steps to reduce stormwater. In North Carolina, Phase II laws took effect in 2005 |
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Clean Water Act in NC
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1) Conduct outreach and education about polluted stormwater runoff.
2) Provide opportunities for residents to participate and be involved in conversations and activities related to reducing polluted stormwater runoff. 3) Detect illicit discharges (e.g. straight piping or dumping). 4) Control construction site runoff. 5) Control post-construction runoff. 6) Perform municipal housekeeping (e.g. take steps to prevent runoff from city buildings and activities. |
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(CERCLA)
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Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was passed that holds polluters accountable for their actions – Superfund Legislation |
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Point Source – .
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single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the environment. Ex
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Non-Point Source –
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large or dispersed land areas that discharge pollutants into the
environment over large area. Ex. Agricultural lands, golf course, streets |
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Stormwater
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surface water runoff that flows into storm sewers or surface waters
(A non-point source pollutant and the worst source of pollution in N.C./U.S.) |
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What is the difference between Jetties and other groins?
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• A jetty is a navigation structure solely designed to control channel shoaling, position,
and alignment. • A terminal groin is a shore protection structure which can provide some navigation benefits |
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Terminal Groin Pro Arguement
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it protects select vulnerable inlets
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Terminal Groin Con Arguement
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any hard structure impacts the beach elsewhere.
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What does CAFO stand for
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concentrated animal feeding operations
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Why is CAFO an issue?
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because of the potential for run off, particular if the ground water is already saturated.
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percentage of fresh vs saltwater on earth and its impacts on our drinking water supply:
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it will likely be the issue of this century as there is no more water being created but the population is expected to grow massively.
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percentage of fresh vs saltwater
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here is 97.2% Salt Water and about 2.8% freshwater, 2.15% of water is glaciers and that is freshwater.
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What does CERLA stand for?
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comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
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What does CERLA do?
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was passed that holds polluters accountable for their actions –
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Are groins located at the inlet?
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no
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Are groins allowed in NC?
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no, except for the ones grandfathered in.
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What do groins do? And what do they look like?
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ow, narrow, hardened jetty-like feature perpendicular to the shoreline that is designed to trap sand and is not located at the inlet.
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what do terminal groins do?
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relatively new term for a low slung structure at the ends of islands to catch sand; a protective device for selected areas.
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How many terminal groins are in NC
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There are two in NC. One in Fort Macon and one in Pea Island.
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What does a sea wall do?
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coast parallel hard structure connected to shoreline to protect shore from waves.
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Are sea walls allowed in NC
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these are banned in NC except for those grandfather in or for the protection of significant structures such as Fort Fisher.
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