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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Evolution before Darwin |
Anaximandros, Hippolytus, & Plutarch |
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Lamarck |
Use to be an essentialist then switched to the Inheritance of Acquired Traits. (Mollusks) |
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Common beliefs in 18th and 19th centuries |
Life is static and unchanging. Everything is as it was when created by God. |
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Morphology |
Similarities between the bone structures of different species |
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Embryology |
The similarities between different species during development. |
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Darwin's gradfather |
Eramus Darwin |
Brother was named after him. |
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The Voyage of the Beagle |
1831-1836 |
Dates |
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Lyell |
Who Darwin collected information for while on the voyage |
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Population and Inheritance |
There are more organisms than what is capable to survive and reproduce. |
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1859 |
The Origin of Species |
Publication |
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3 components of Natural Selection |
Variation, heredity/inheritance, & selection. |
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Variation |
There are so many variations within a species from size to color to intelligence. |
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Heredity/inheritance |
Only some variations are reliably passed on to offspring |
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Selection |
Traits that help an organism survive and reproduce will have more offspring due to this advantage |
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Alfred Russell Wallace |
Also wrote about natural selection. |
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Darwin's Bulldog |
Thomas Huxley |
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Victorian Society towards NS |
The tree of origin puts humans too close to "beasts" (apes) |
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Religious Creationist on NS |
Species are unchanging since creation! Not random and blind! |
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Biologists on NS |
Skeptical due to the gray area that is genetics (unknown idea during this period) |
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Gregor Mendel |
Austrian Monk who studied particulate inheritance on peas. |
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Four parts of DNA |
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine |
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Number of human chromosomes? |
46 |
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Genes |
Units inherited by offspring (unbroken & unblended) |
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Genotypes |
Entire collection of genes within an individual. |
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Phenotypes |
Expressed (visable) genes in an individual. |
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Homozygous Alleles |
Same genes forms in each pair. |
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Heterozygous Alleles |
Different version of gene in the allele |
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Modern Synthesis |
Unification of Darwin's theory and genetics. (Throws out Lamarck and blending theory) |
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R.A. Fisher |
Showed how continuous variation in organisms could be the result of the actions of many discreet gene locations. |
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J.B.S Haldane |
Applied mathematical analysis to real examples of NS. (Peppered moths) |
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Sewall Wright |
Genetic drift due to small populations interbreeding |
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Theodosius Dobzhansky |
Pioneer of applying genetics to natural populations |
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Ernst Mayr |
Systematics |
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Julian Huxley |
Evolution: the modern synthesis |
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George Simpson |
Used paleontology to support Darwin |
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Genetic Drift |
Random changes in genetic makeup of population |
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Mutation |
Random changes in genetic material (RNA or DNA). Copying errors, radiation, chemicals. |
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Founder Effects |
New colony that interbreeds and looses some variation of the original species |
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Genetic Bottlenecks |
Population shrinks due to a catastrophe and survivors only carry a portion of the entire genetic identity of the species. |
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Group selection |
Traits that promotes the survival of the group over the individual |
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Selfish genes |
Genes serve their own replication not necessarily to the benefit of the organism. |
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Konrad Lorenz |
Ethologist who studied imprinting with geese |
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Ethology |
Study of the adaptive value of animal behavior |
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Prairie Vole |
Monogamous |
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Meadow Vole |
Polyamous |
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Vasopressin |
When injected, causes monogamy between meadow voles |
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Needs to be Adaptations: |
Reliability to develop in species, efficiency at solving problem, and economy (without large cost to organism) |
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By-products |
Traits with no adaptive value but are carried along by an adaptive trait. |
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Noise |
Random effects from chance variation. Not tied to an adaptation. |
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Evolved Psychological Mechanisms (EMPs) |
Design features that solved survival/reproductive problem |
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Environment of Evolutionary Adapted Ness (EEA) |
Pressures that helped push for an adaptation |
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Evolutionary Time Lags |
Adaptations for an organisms past may hinder them in their current environment |
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Synpolydactyly |
Malformation in limbs due to mutation in HOX genes |
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Penetrance |
Probability of expression of a trait |
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Pleitrophy |
One gene affecting multiple traits |
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Polygenic traits |
Multiple genes affect one trait |
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Epigenetics |
Any heritage influence on gene activity that does not involve a change in DNA sequence |
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