Evolutionary Psychology

Front 1

What is Parental Investment?

Back 1

• The sex that invests more in offspring (typically but not always the female) will be more discriminating or selective about mating.
• The sex that invests less in offspring will be more competitive for sexual access to the high-investing sex
• In humans, women tend to be more selective about potential mates

Front 2

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is able to invest, in long term female mating strategies?

Back 2

– Good financial prospects
– Social Status
– Older Age
– Ambition/industriousness
– Size, strength, athletic ability

Front 3

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is willing to invest in long term female mating strategies?

Back 3

– Dependability and stability
– Love and commitment cues
– Positive interactions with children

Front 4

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is able to physically protect her and children in long term female mating strategies?

Back 4

– Size (height)
– Strength
– Bravery
– Athletic ability

Front 5

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who will show good parenting skills in long term female mating strategies?

Back 5

– Dependability
– Emotional Stability
– Kindness
– Positive interactions with children

Front 6

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is compatible in long term female mating strategies?

Back 6

– Similar values
– Similar ages
– Similar personalities

Front 7

What are some solutions to the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is healthy in long term female mating strategies?

Back 7

– Physical attractiveness
– Symmetry
– Healthy
– Masculinity

Front 8

What are the 10 preferences for women in long term strategy?

Back 8

-Preference for economic resources
-Preference for good financial prospects
-Preference for high social status
-Preference for somewhat older men
-Preference for ambition and industriousness
-Preference for dependability and stability
-Preference for athletic prowess
-Preference for good health and physical appearance
-Preference for willingness to invest in children
-Preference for similarity

Front 9

True or False; Successful women place a greater emphasis
on resources than less successful women.

Back 9

True

Front 10

What are six reasons for male long term strategy?

Back 10

• Increased odds of successfully attracting a mate
• Increased odds of attracting a more desirable mate
• Increased paternity certainty
• Increased odds that his offspring survive
• Increased social status
• Increased coalitional alliances

Front 11

What is the solution to the adaptive problem of men selecting a mate that can bear children?

Back 11

Prefer women with youth and good health

Front 12

What is reproductive value?

Back 12

The number of offspring an individual of a given age and sex is likely to have in the future (i.e., potential expected reproductive potential).

Front 13

What is fertility?

Back 13

Actual reproductive performance (number of viable offspring produced).

Front 14

at how many years do females usually peak reproductively?

Back 14

20 - 21

Front 15

What are five standards of physical beauty?

Back 15

• Hair quality
• Skin quality
• Facial femininity
• Facial Symmetry
• Facial Averageness

Front 16

What is the benefit of men short term mating?

Back 16

Parental investment & sexual selection

Front 17

What are the potential costs of men short term mating?

Back 17

– Contracting STD
– Social reputation as “womanizer”
– Lowered chance of offspring surviving
– Violence at hands of mates or family members
– Retaliatory affairs by wives/mate

Front 18

What is the attraction reduction effect?

Back 18

Men with more sexual partners experienced a sharp decline in sexual attractiveness of partner immediately following intercourse.

Front 19

What do males have regret over sexually?

Back 19

Missed sexual opportunities

Front 20

What do females have regret over sexually?

Back 20

sexual actions already taken

Front 21

What is the resource hypothesis?

Back 21

women could engage in short-term mating in exchange for meat, goods, or services. Also ancestral women might have been able to obscure paternity and gain resources from two or more males

Front 22

What is the genes hypothesis?

Back 22

Women could have a fertility backup if a regular mate is infertile or impotent. Basicly, a woman has sex with a man with good genes and tricks the impotent man into providing resources.

Front 23

What is mate switching?

Back 23

If a mate stops bringing in resources, starts abusing or “otherwise declines in his value to her as a mate”, the woman could have a short- term affair and this would help the women get rid of her long- term mate.

Front 24

What is the Mate Skill Acquisition Hypothesis?

Back 24

Means to assess and evaluate prospective long- term mates
This allows a woman to clarify the qualities she desires, evaluate her compatibility with a mate reveal hidden costs he might carry.

Front 25

What is the Mate Manipulation Hypothesis?

Back 25

That by cheating on a mate who has been unfaithful, a woman can gain revenge for infidelity and increase commitment of regular mate.

Front 26

What are six risks or costs of women short-term mating?

Back 26

• Reputation as Promiscuous
• Greater risk of physical and sexual abuse
• Becoming pregnant and rearing child alone
• Removal of resources from current mate
• Increasing sibling competition
• Contracting STDs

Front 27

What is evidence to support women's short term mating?

Back 27

The female orgasm retains more sperm (~5%) and women are more likely to be orgasmic with affair partner
than husband.