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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multifactorial inheritance |
When many factors are involved in causing a trait; generates near-continuous variation |
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Latent variation |
Any difference between organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials |
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Epistasis |
The interaction of genes that are not alleles, in particular, the suppression of the effect of one such gene by another. |
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Linkage Disequilibrium |
Statistical association between alleles; In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci. ... As a result, the pattern of linkage disequilibrium in a genome is a powerful signal of the population genetic processes that are structuring it. |
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Linkage Disequilibrium is also known as... |
Unequal Haplotype Representation |
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When "like" alleles (A with B, or a with b) appear together |
Coupling haplotypes |
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When "unlike" alleles (A with b, or a with B) appear together |
Repulsing haplotypes |
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Recombination creates new haplotypes only in... |
double heterozygotes |
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Linkage is tighter/more strict in eukaryotes or prokaryotes? |
Prokaryotes |
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Genetic hitchhiking |
When neutral alleles are carried to fixation due to their location next to a beneficial allele |
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Voight's test for selection |
If an allele is strongly selected for, there will be low haplotype diversity in the immediate vicinity. |
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Clonal Interference |
Occurs when beneficial mutations arise frequently within a population |
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In adaptive landscapes, valleys can be crossed via... |
genetic drift |
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Wright thought adaptive landscapes were ______ while Fisher thought they were _______. |
_______ thought adaptive landscapes were rugged, while ______ thought they were smooth. |
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Agronomy |
Biology in an agricultural system |
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Phenotypic Variation Formula |
Vp = Vg + Ve Phenotypic variation = Genotypic variation + environmental variation |
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Broad Sense Heritability Formula |
H^2 = Vg / (Vg + Ve) Broad Sense Heritability = (variance due to genotype) / (variance due to genotype + environment) |
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What is Broad Sense Heritability |
The proportion of variance of a phenotype that is due to genetic variation. If the effects are independent, the variance of a phenotype (VP) is the sum of the variance resulting from genetic differences (VG) and the variance due to environmental effects (VE). |
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Three types of genetic variation |
Additivity, dominance, epistasis |
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Additive genetic variation |
Gradual, there are many different phenotypes. This is the only element of genotypic variation that is open to action by selection. |
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Dominance versus Epistatic genetic variance |
Dominance genetic variance refers to the phenotype deviation caused by the interactions between alternative alleles that control one trait at one specific locus. Epistatic variance involves an interaction between different alleles in different loci. |
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Narrow Sense Heritability Formula |
h^2 = Va / (Va + Vd + Vi + Ve) Narrow Sense Heritability = Additivity Variance / (Additivity + Dominance + Epistatic + Environmental Variance) |
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Selection Differential Formula |
S = P1 - P0 Selection = % with Trait 1 - % with Trait 2 |
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Narrow Sense Heritability |
The proportion of trait variance that is due to additive genetic factors. Remember: Broad sense heritability' is defined as the proportion of trait variance that is due to all genetic factors including dominance and gene-gene interactions. |
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QTL Mapping Process |
Quantitative Trait Loci: Use the loci that determines a certain phenotype to map the parental traits, and then the traits of the offspring. |
