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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Buffon |
Bio sp concept Tried to push history back further by questioning if a bible day actually meant a day |
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Lamark |
Inheritance of aquired characters Changes in organism |
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Erasmus darwin |
Change is possible |
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Marsh |
Progression fron smaller or complex to larger or simple |
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Geuld |
Punctualated equilibrium with snails |
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Scopes |
Arrested for teach evol |
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Lightfoot |
Estimated earth was 4000 through bible |
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Ussher |
Revised creation time and believed 4000 years |
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Hutton |
Siccar point, Scotland Geological stance Black stalls uplifted w/ sandstone at diagonal ontop takes time |
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Haley |
With salt water techniques, earth was about 90 mil old |
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Thompson |
Used volcanic heat to determine earth was 20-30 mil years |
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Geologist |
Through sediments, earth is 28-100 mil |
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Bacquerll |
Discovers radio activity |
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Boltwood |
Through radio activity, earth is 400 mil - 2.2 bil |
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Holmes |
Through refined radio activity, earth is 1.4 bil |
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Patterson |
Through radio activity, earth is 4.6 bil Accepted Also looked at lead pollution |
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Evolution |
Genetic changes in pops of individuals through time that lead to differences among them |
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Theory |
Forumaltion of apparent relationships of observed phenomena, which have been verified |
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Orgin of species principles (5) |
Pops are highly fertile Pops stabilize over time Resources are limited Variation exists w/n pops Traits are heritable |
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Drives what? Shows what? |
Modification drives gens further apart Shows common origin, diversity and extinction |
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Who? Shows what? |
Marsh Simplification and increase size |
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4 Neo Darwinism Principles |
1. DNA, genetic, and chromos are involved in inheritance 2. Pop scales for evol 3. Models and modes 4. Testable hypos |
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2 models of speciation |
Allopatric- ranges are separate Sympatric- ranges overlap |
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Shows? Outcomes? |
Models changing from sympatric to allopatric with barriers 2 viable sp, increased density: If same niche is occupied, 1 will survive If they can interbreed, merge back to 1 |
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Shows what effect? |
Founder effect: smaller pops have greater potential for change |
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Convergent evolution |
Separate ancestors being driven by NS toward similar forms bc of similar behaviors |
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Modes of evolution |
Phyletic gradualism- slow gradual transitions Punctuated equilibrium- statis followed by rapid change |
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Which modes of evol? |
Gradualism v punctuated equilibrium |
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Morphological sp concept |
If forms were significantly different, they were diff sp |
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Anagenesis v cladegenesis |
Change, but started and ended with 1 sp Change but with increased diversity |
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Shows? |
Cladeogenesis |
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Phylogeny |
Ancestor- descendant relationship |
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Clade |
Last common ancestor |
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Synapomorphy |
Shared derived character (ankle and hip in dino/croc example) |
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Autapomorphy |
Unique derived character (teeth in in dino/croc example) |
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Symplesiomorphy |
Shared primitive character, something they all have (skull shape in dino/croc example) |
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Fundamentalism |
Bible focus |
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Butler act |
Not being able to teach evol deemed unconstitutional bc of establishment clause in 14th ammendment |
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Layer of the earth |
Inner core Outer core Mantle- peridotite Crust- continental w/ granite and oceanic w/ basalt |
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Lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) Astenosphere (rest of mantle) |
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Lithospheric plates (8) |
NA SA Antarctica African Eurasia Indo-Aus Pacific Nazca |
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Lithospheric plates (8) |
NA SA Antarctica African Eurasia Indo-Aus Pacific Nazca |
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5 lithospheric plate boundries |
Divergence of continental Divergence of oceanic Oceanic - continental convergence Oceanic - oceanic convergence Continental- cont convergence |
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Tectonic components |
Mid oceanic ridge Subduction zones Continents |
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Divergent |
Occurs at mid oceanic ridge, forms new oceanic crust (seafloor spreading) |
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Subduction |
Sea floor being drawn down in lithosphere and forming volcanos |
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Divergence of continental plates |
Continental drift Rift valleys form |
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Divergence of oceanic plates |
Seafloor spreading Mid oceanic ridge |
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Oceanic - continental |
Subduction Effects: topograph high, climate change, orographic rainfall/shadow, barriers, rock atm interactions |
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Oceanic - oceanic |
Subduction, explosive volcanos Chains of volcanos (island arc) |
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Continental - continental |
Ocean basan gone Connect continents Form barriers |
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Hot spot |
Hawaii Quite volcano: lava flows but no erruptions 1 volcano active at a time |
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Pangea |
240-250 mil years Laurasia- NA and Eurasia Gondwana- SA, AUS, africa, india and Antarctica |
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Slow vs fast? |
A: slow rate, sea level drops B: fast rate, sea level rises |
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Present is defined as |
1950 |
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Relative dating sequence |
1. Principle of super position (oldest on bottom) 2. Principle of fossil succession (evol events) |
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Geological time scale |
Eons (4) Eras (3) Periods (12) |
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Phanerozoic eon |
Oldest multi ceullar fossil to present |
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Proterozic eon |
Oldest modern contient to oldest mutli cellular fossil |
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Archean eon |
Oldest terrestrial rock to oldest modern continent |
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Hadean eon |
Earth formation to oldest rock |
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Eras |
Cenozoic era - now Mesozoic era - dinos Paleozoic era - before dinos |
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Precambrian |
Before the orgin of multicellular fossils |
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Correlation |
Establish an equivalence in time |
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Index fossils requirements (5) |
1. Easy to ID 2. Common 3. Geographically wide spread 4. Short temporal duration 5. Enviro tolerant |
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Facies fossils |
Enviro dependent |
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Hiatus |
Missing an area in the records |
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3 steps of uncomformity |
1. Deposit rock 2. Erode rock 3. Deposit again |
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Numerical age dating requirements (4) |
1. Time governed 2. Constant rate 3. Irreversible 4. Closed system |
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Isotypes |
Protons + neutrons |
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Radioisotope products (3) |
Decay prod, heat and emission particle |
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Dendrochronology |
Tree ring dating |
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Sclerochronology |
Coral dating |
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Molecular clock hypothesis |
Molecular evolution is constant among lineages |
