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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core Area
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The most productive regions, and the part of the country with the greatest centrality and accessibility-probably containing the capital city.
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Core-periphery relationships
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The contrasting spatial characteristics of, and linkage between, the have (core) and have-not (periphery) components of a national or regional system.
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European State model
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A state consisting of a legally defined territory inhabited by a population governed by a capital city by a representative government.
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Cultural Landscape
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The forms and artifacts sequentially placed on the natural landscape by the activities of various human occupants. By this progressive imprinting of the human presence, the physical landscape is modified into the cultural landscape, forming an interacting unity between the two.
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State
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is a self-governing political entity. The term State can be used interchangeably with country.
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Cartogram
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a map in which some thematic mapping variable – such as travel time or Gross National Product – is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. There are two main types: area and distance.
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desertification
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process of desert expansion into neighboring steppelands as a result of human degradation of fragile semiarid environments
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Glaciations
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defined as the formation, movement and recession of GLACIERS.
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interglacials
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is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age.
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Pacific ring of fire
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is an area where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean
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continental drift
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Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other.
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Hinterland
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"Country behind" a term that applies to surrounding area served by an urban center.
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functional regions
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A type of region characterized by its function such as a city-region or a drainage basin.
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Formal Regions
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A region marked by relative uniformity of characteristics, such as the Scottish Highlands. The variations within the region are less than variations between the region and other areas.
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Spatial Systems
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The components and interactions of a functional region.
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absolute location
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a way of describing the position of an object or place, on the surface of the Earth. like with longitude and latitude
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relative location
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A location of a place in relation to another place.
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regional Concept
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The geographical study of regions and regional distinctions
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transition zones
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An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join; marked by gradual shift in the characteristics that distinguish these neighboring geographic entities from one another
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regional disparity
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the spatial unevenness in standard of living that occurs within a country whose "average" overall income statistics invariably mask the differences that exist between the extremes of the wealthy core and the poorer periphery
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globalization
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Process by which the experience of everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world
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regional geography
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The study in geography of regions and of their distinctive qualities
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Systematic geography
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The study of a particular element in geography, such as agriculture or settlement, seeking to understand the processes which influence it and the spatial patterns which it causes.
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Land hemisphere
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The half of the globe containing the greatest amount of land surface, centered on western Europe. Can also refer to the position of the African continent, which lies central to the worlds landmasses
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physiography
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The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.
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infrastructure
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The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines, and public institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons
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local functional specialization
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particular people in particular places concentrate on the production of particular goods and services
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'The Isolated State'
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Written by Von Thunen, chronicling the geography of Europe's agricultural transformation
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centrifugal forces
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A term employed to designate forces that tend to divide a country-such as internal religious, linguistics, ethnic or ideological differences
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centripetal forces
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forces that unite and bind a country together--such as a strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith.
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Indo-European language family
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includes Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Celtic, Baltic, Hellenic, thiracian/illrian and indo-Iranian groups .
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Complementarity
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Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products can specifically satisfy each other's demands.
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Intervening Opportunity
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In trade of migration flows, the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
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metropolis
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the central city plus its suburban ring
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Supranationalism
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the voluntary association in economic, political or cultural spheres of three or more independent states willing to yield some measure of sovereignty for their mutual benefit.
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Devolution
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describes the powerful centrifugal forces whereby regions or people within a state, through negotiation or active rebellion, demand and gain political strength and sometimes autonomy at the expense of the center. Such as Scotland wanting to break away from the UK
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Four motors of Europe
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Rhone-Alpes (France), Baden-Wurttemberg (Germany), Catalonia (Spain), and Lombady (Italy). Each is a high tech-driven region marked by exceptional industrial vitality and economic success not only within Europe but on the global scene as well
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regional states
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A "natural economic zone" that defies political boundaries and is shaped by the global economy of which it is a part; its leaders deal directly with foreign partners and negotiate the best terms they can with the national governments under which they operate.
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site
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the internal locational attributes of an urban center, including its local spatial organization and physical setting. the Absolute location
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situation
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its location relative to surrounding areas of productive capacity, other cities and towns, barriers to access and movement and other aspects of the greater regional framework in which it lies. The relative location
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conurbation
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large urban areas when two or more cities merge spatially
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landlocked location
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an interior state surrounded by land. Without coasts.
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break-of-bulk
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a location along a transport route where foods must be transferred from one carrier to another.
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entrepot
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A place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored and transshipped; a break-of-bulk point.
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Shatter Belt
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region caught between between stronger, colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals. Such as Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.
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Balkanization
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The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units. Named after the historically contentious Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe
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Exclave
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A bounded (non-island) piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state. Such as Alaska
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Near Abroad
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The 14 former soviet republics that, together with the dominant Russian Republic, constituted the USSR.
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Oligarchs
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opportunists in post-Soviet Russia who used their ties to government to enrich themselves
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Climatology
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field of geography that investigates not only the distribution of climate conditions over the Earth's surface but also the processes that generate this spatial arrangement.
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continentality
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The variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world's landmasses.
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tundra
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the treeless plain along the Arctic shore where mosses, lichens, and some grasses survive
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taiga
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the mostly coniferous forests that begin to the south of where the tundra ends, and extend over vast reaches of Siberia
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permafrost
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water in the ground is permanently frozen
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forward capital
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Capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border; it confirms the state's determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.
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Colonialism
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rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and an alien people and place. Though often established and maintained through political structures. Also creates unequal cultural and economic relations.
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imperialism
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the drive toward the creation and expansion of a colonial empire and, once established, its perpetuation.
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Russification
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Demographic resettlement policies pursued by the central planners of the Soviet Empire, whereby ethnic Russians were encouraged to emigrate from the Russian Republic to the 14 non-Russian republics of the USSR
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Federal state/ Federation
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A political framework wherein a central government represents the various subnational entities within a nation-state where they have common interests--defense, foreign affairs, and the like--yet allows these carious entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies and customs in certain spheres.
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Collectivization
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The reorganization of a country's agriculture under communism that involves the expropriation of private holdings and their incorporation into relatively large-scale units, which are farmed and administered cooperatively by those who live there.
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Command Economy
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the tightly control economic system of the former Soviet Union, whereby central planners in Moscow assigned the production of particular goods to particular places, often guided more by socialist ideology than the principles of economic geography
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Distance Decay
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The various degenerative effects of distance on human spatial structures and interactions. country is so far away it becomes difficult to manage
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Unitary state
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a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state. Such as the UK with Scotland and Wales
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Heartland theory
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The hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the early 20th century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Furthermore, since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian interior, its ruler would command the vast "heartland" to the east.
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What large river runs through London
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Thames
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what river runs through Paris
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Seine River
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What is the name of the islands inside the river in Paris that houses Notre Dam
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Lle de la Cite
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What two rivers run through Rome
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Tiber River and Aniene River
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what is the largest and longest river in Europe
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Volga
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What river forms the mnts. in Switzerland runs between the germany and france border and into the Netherlands
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The Rhine River
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What river runs through Spain
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Tagus
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Ethnic Cleansing
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moving people across borders because the do not "belong" there
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Irredentism
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Taking over a portion of a border because the majority of the people are of their own culture
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What is the largest economic country in Europe?
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Germany
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What countries have not joined the European Union
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Switzerland, Norway, Iceland
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What keeps some countries from joining the European Union
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the oil in the Baltic Sea
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What makes up the Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal and Spain
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What makes up the Balkan Peninsula
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Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and the geographical/political region of European Turkey.
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France is separated from the Iberian Peninsula by what
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The Pyrenees Mnts.
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What was the Balkan Peninsula before it fell apart?
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Yugoslavia
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What are the Benelux countries
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Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
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The economic union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, originally established as a customs union in 1948 is called
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Benelux
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What is different about European cities from American cities
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They have no CBD's, the have much older buildings and they do not build skyscrapers
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Latitude runs what direction and measures what
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runs east and west and measures North and south
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Longitude runs what direction and measures what
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runs North and South and measures East to West
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0 degrees longitude is called what and runs through what city?
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Prime meridian and runs through Greenwich
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the international dateline is located at what degree?
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180
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What mountains divide Europe from Russia
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The Ural Mnts.
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What city was Washington DC designed after?
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Paris
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Microstates
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Very small countries
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What is the smallest country in the world?
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Vatican City
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The Vatican city is centered inside what city?
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Rome
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British isles include what?
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Great Britain, England, and the UK
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Great Britain Includes what?
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The whole large Island
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The UK includes what?
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North Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. Not Ireland
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The "Iron curtain" divided what
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East and West Europe
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USSR stands for
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Union of Soviet socialist Republics
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Primate City
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A country's largest city--ranking atop the urban hierarchy--most expressive of the national culture and usually the capital city as well.
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Which members of the European Union do not use the Euro?
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UK, Denmark and Sweden
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Spain is separated from Africa by what passage
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Strait of Gibraltar
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Romania is located in the lower basin of what river
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Danube River
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Contiguous
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Adjoining; adjacent
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