Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cells

Front 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Back 1

Complex cells such as a plant cell or animal cell

Front 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Back 2

Smaller and simpler cells such as bacteria

Front 3

What are organelles?

Back 3

Organelles are PARTS of cells, each one has a specific function

Front 4

What is known as the cell ultrastructure?

Back 4

When you can see the cells organelles and the internal structure of them through an electron microscope

Front 5

Describe the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell

Back 5

Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains pores. Contains chromatin (DNA and proteins) and a structure called the nucleolus.

Front 6

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Back 6

Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA.

Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nucleolus makes ribosomes.

Front 7

Describe a lysosome in a eukaryotic cell.

Back 7

Round organelle

Surrounded by a membrane

No clear internal structure

Front 8

What is the function of a lysosome in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 8

Contains digestive enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell

Front 9

Describe a ribosome in a eukaryotic cell

Back 9

Very small organelle.

Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Made up of proteins and RNA.

Not surrounded by a membrane.

Front 10

What is the function of a ribosome in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 10

The site where proteins are made

Front 11

Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell

Back 11

System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space.

Surface is covered with ribosomes

Front 12

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 12

Folds and process proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Front 13

Describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell

Back 13

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space WITHOUT ribosomes

Front 14

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 14

Synthesises and processes lipids

Front 15

Describe the golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell

Back 15

A group of fluid filled, membrane bound flattened sacs.

Vesicles are seen at the edges of the sacs.

Front 16

What is the function of the golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 16

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins.

Makes lysosomes

Front 17

Describe the mitochondrion in a eukaryotic cell

Back 17

Oval shaped.

Double membrane.

Inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae.

Matrix (inside the mitochondrion) contains enzymes involved in respiration.

Front 18

What is the function of the mitochondrion in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 18

The site of aerobic respiration where energy (ATP) is produced.

Found in large numbers in cells that are active and require a lot of energy.

Front 19

Describe a centripetal in a eukaryotic cell

Back 19

Small hollow cylinders made of microtubules which are tiny protein cylinders.

Front 20

What is the function of a centriole in a eukaryotic cell

Back 20

Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Front 21

Describe the cell wall and its function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 21

The cell wall supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape. Cell walls are made of polymers like peptidoglycan and murein. These polymers are glycoproteins.

Front 22

Describe a pili and its function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 22

Short hair like structures.

Help prokaryotes stick to other cells.

Can be used in the transfer of genetic material between cells.

Front 23

Describe a capsule and it's function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 23

Made up of secreted slime.

Helps go protect bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system.

Front 24

Describe mesosomes and their function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 24

Inward folds in the plasma membrane.

Play a role in cellular processes like respiration.

Front 25

Describe a plasmid and it's function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 25

Small loops of DNA that aren't part of the main circular DNA.

Contain genes for antibiotic resistance which can be passed between prokaryotes.

Not always present.

Front 26

Does a prokaryotic cell have a nucleus?

Back 26

No, the DNA floats free in the cytoplasm.

It is called circular DNA.

Present as one long coiled up strand.

Not attached to any histone proteins.

Front 27

Describe the flagellum and it's function in a prokaryotic cell

Back 27

A long hair like structure that rotates to make the cell move.

Not present in every prokaryotic cell.

Front 28

Describe the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell

Back 28

No membrane bound organelles.

Front 29

Does a prokaryotic cell have ribosomes?

Back 29

Yes but they're smaller than those in a eukaryotic cell.

Front 30

What is the plasma membrane in a prokaryotic cell?

Back 30

Mainly made of lipids and proteins.

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.