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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Location of the thermoregulatory center
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Anterior Hypothalamus
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Three major things that can stimulate the thermoregulatory center
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Cutaneous receptors
Deep receptors Monamines |
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Seven mechanisms for heat gain:
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Decreased loss: vasoconstriction, piloerection, postural changes, seeking warm env. Increased production: Catecholamines, thyroxine, shivering
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Six mechanisms for heat loss:
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Vasodilation, panting, perspiration, postural changes, seeking cool env., grooming (cat)
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Physics of heat loss:
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Evaporation, Convection, Radiation
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Hyperthermia
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Elevation of core body temperature above normal set point
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Fever
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Hyperthermia that is caused by the change of the normal set point to a higher temperature
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Endogenous Causes of Hyperthermia
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Endogenous pyrogens (true fever)
Inadequate heat dissapation (heat stroke, hyperpyrexic syndrome) Exercise hyperthermia (sz, tetany, exercise) Pathologic or Pharmacologic (AH lesions, malignant hyperthermia, hypermetabolic disorders, monamine metabolism disturbances) |
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Exogenous Pyrogens
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Infectious Agents
(Bacteria (live and killed) Gram-positive Gram-negative) Bacterial products (Lipopolysaccharides Streptococcal exotoxin Staphylococcal enterotoxin Staphylococcal proteins) Fungi (live and killed) Fungal products (Cryptococcal polysaccharide Cryptococcal proteins) Virus Rickettsia Protozoa Nonmicrobial agents (Soluble antigen-antibody complexes,Bile acids) Pharmacologic agents (Bleomycin,Colchicine,Tetracycline (cats),Levamisole (cats)) Tissue inflammation/necrosis |
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Major types of Endogenous Pyrogens
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Tumoer Necrosis Factor, Interferon, Interleukin, Macrophage inflammatory proteins
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The most important pyrogenic cytokine
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Interleukin 1
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Fever mechanism
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Cytokines attach to receptors on vascular endothelial cells in AH and stimulate PG release (PGE2 and PGE2alpha)
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Dogs at risk for heat stroke
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Brachycephalic
Large Breed |
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Temperature and Treatment of Severe hyperthermia
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107degrees
Total body cooling Crystalloid shock dose Corticostearoids |
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Total Body Cooling
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Cool (not cold)water baths.
Cool water enema Gastric lavage |
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Two pharmacological causes of malignant hyperthermia
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Halothane
Succinylcholine |
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Two endocrine causes of malignant hyperthermia
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hyperthyroidism
pheochromocytoma |
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Most common causes of FUO in cats and dogs
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Infection
Tissue trauma Neoplasia Immune mediated |
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Common prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors
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Salicylates
Dipyrone Phenothiazines |
