Ethnomusicology 50A Midterm

Front 1

Jazz Swing

Back 1

-syncopation: emphasising (stress) of notes played off the beat

-Ragtime (major user of syncopation, genre helped develop jazz)

Front 2

Improvisation

Back 2

-compose and perform simultaneously (make up what your playing on the spot)

-expresses creativity

Front 3

2 common jazz forms

Back 3

A-A-B-A song form

12 Bar Blues [12 bars (measures) long (melody), then to solos, then melody to wrap it up]

Front 4

The Combo (The Orchestral composition of the time)

Back 4

-trumpet,trombone,clarinet,(sometimes saxophone),

Rythym

Piano, (some kind of bass instrument[bass sax, tuba, or left hand piano), drummer, guitar (but more likely) the Banjo (because it was naturally louder)

Front 5

Main differences of this time (The Jazz Age) in music:

Back 5

-most (a great percentage) music is improvised

-the rhythmic feel is considered to be more relaxed or looser (swing feeling

emerging)

-starting to see original material

-collective improvisation (collectively improvised format)

-more engaging to the audience

Front 6

Jelly Roll Morton

Back 6

(pianist and composer) (claimed to have single handedly invented Jazz, first jazz composer)

Front 7

Joe “King” Oliver

Back 7

(Trumpet Player, mentor of Louis Armstrong)

Front 8

Kid Orey

Back 8

(Trombonists,composer)

Front 9

Buddy Bolman

Back 9

(1st Jazz Musician, Trumpet Player)

Front 10

-Sidney Bechet

Back 10

(Clarinet, Soprano Sax, first person we know to have brought jazz to Europe)

Front 11

Louis Armstrong

Back 11

(Trumpet, Sang, All around entertainer)

Front 12

The Chicago Scene (Chicago Jazz Scene)

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-Next city after New Orleans that Jazz went to

-Started because musicians played live music on the river boats that went up and

down the Mississippi River and many ended up migrating to Chicago from this

-Many of the earliest recordings were made in Chicago in the early 1920’s

-credited for having musicians play together within loosely defined roles so they would not clash with one another while improvising with each other

-lead to more improvisation

Front 13

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band

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(First Jazz Band to Record, White New Orleans Musicians, Organized in Chicago, First recorded in 1917 in New York)

-Tailgate Trombone style

-Livery Stable Blues & The Dixie Jazz One Step (1917)

Front 14

King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band

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(Black New Orleans Musicians, First black jazz musicians to record, migrated to Chicago, recorded in 1923)

Front 15

Scott Joplin

Back 15

Maple Leaf Rag (RAGTIME)

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Ragtime

Back 16

-Contained syncopation

-Scott Joplin - Maple Leaf Rag*

-Piano dominated

-Doesn’t have jazz swing feel

-only contains limited improvisations

-forerunner of jazz

Front 17

Blues

Back 17

-Developed primarily from work songs of slaves

-early jingle

-street vendors sang

-St. Louis Blues - Bessy Smith*

-Bent pitches on vocals

Front 18

Louis Armstrong

Back 18

(trumpet player, bandleader, vocalist, all around entertainer)

-The Father of Jazz (Nicknames: Pops, Satchmo, Dipper, Dipper-Mouth)

-spent childhood in the Colored Waifs Home, an orphanage)

-Bandleader of: Louis Armstrong and his Hot 5 & Louis Armstrong and his Hot 7

-3 frequent members of his bands: Clarinetist Johnny Dodds & Kid Ory & Pianist Lil

Hardin Armstrong

-Most widely imitated improviser before the 1940’s

-Changed the way people improvised

-departed from collective improvisation

-Demonstrated that a solo improviser could be as interesting as collective improvisation

-Changed jazz from this point in terms of solos

-Refined the 8th note swing feeling

-SONG: Muskrat Ramble (1926)(Louis on Cornet, Kid Ory Composer, Johnny Dodds on

clarinet, Lil Hardin on piano, ________ on Banjo)

-SONG: Strut With Some Barbeque (1927)(Louis on Cornet, Kid Ory on trombone,

Johnny Dodds on clarinet, Lil Hardin on piano, ________ on Banjo)

Front 19

Muskrat Ramble

Back 19

(1926)(Louis on Cornet, Kid Ory Composer, Johnny Dodds on

clarinet, Lil Hardin on piano, ________ on Banjo)

Front 20

Strut With Some Barbeque

Back 20

(1927)(Louis on Cornet, Kid Ory on trombone,

Johnny Dodds on clarinet, Lil Hardin on piano, ________ on Banjo)

Front 21

Bix Beiderbecke

Back 21

Caucasian Trumpet Player)

-From Davenport, Iowa

-developed at the same time as Armstrong

-Wolverine Orchestra (1924)

-Featured soloist in band with Paul Whiteman

-mixed jazz with ragtime & classical impressionist music

-worked with Saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer (played C Melody Saxophone(unusual))

-SONG: Clarinet Marmalade (Beiderbecke & Trumbauer)

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Clarinet Marmalade

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(Beiderbecke & Trumbauer)

Front 23

ragging (and shagging)

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Altering rhythm and adding syncopation

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Harmonic progression

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chord changes

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the head

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Melody that is later improvised upon

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break

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A pause to feature a soloist in between choruses

Front 27

musical sentence

Back 27

Phrase improvising

Front 28

Earl “fatha” hines

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Trumpet style right hand piano technique

Front 29

King porter stomp

Back 29

written by Jelly Roll Morton

Front 30

Blind willie and gin bottle 4

Back 30

one white one black guitarist, first integrated recording

Front 31

Livery stable blues

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original Dixieland jazz band 1917 recorded in NYC

Front 32

James P. Johnson

Back 32

father of stride piano

Front 33

Willie “The Lion” Smith

Back 33

Pianist

Front 34

Art Tatum

Back 34

Pianist

Front 35

Fats Waller

Back 35

Pianist (Aint Misbehaving)

Front 36

Duke Ellington

Back 36

Pianist

Front 37

Lil hardin Armstrong

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Pianist (played in hot 5 and 7)

Front 38

Johnny Dodds

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Clarinetist (shrill, powerful)

Front 39

Jimmy Noone

Back 39

Clarinetist (dark, warm)

Front 40

Kid Ory

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Trombonist (hot 5 & 7, wrote muskrat ramble)

Front 41

Jack teagarden

Back 41

Trombonist (texas, swing)

Front 42

Baby dodds

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Drummer (ride rhythm)

Front 43

Zutty singleton

Back 43

Drummer (used brushes, 4/4 beat kick drum

Front 44

Eddie lang

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Guitarist

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Lonnie Johnson

Back 45

Guitarist (played with Louis Armstrong)

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Bessie smith

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Vocalist (empress of blues , didn’t use microphone, interpreter of melodies)

Front 47

Ma Rainey

Back 47

Vocalist (mother of the blues)

Front 48

Muddy waters

Back 48

Vocalist (father of the blues)

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Ethel waters

Back 49

Vocalist (1st jazz singer)

Front 50

Boogie woogie

Back 50

stride piano, hot music, blues oriented