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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The area of moral philosophy or "value theory" includes questions like |
What kind of life is most worth living |
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The question "do the ends justify the means" falls within area of |
Normative ethicsclas |
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Claims that morality is a human intervention therefore not objective is a claim about |
Metaethics |
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In philosophy an argument is |
A claim of reasoning consisting of a set of reasons that supports some conclusions |
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It is impossible for an argument to have |
True premises and a false conclusion |
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There is no such thing as |
A sound but valid argument |
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A moral agent is |
Anyone who is capable of controlling his or her behavior through moral reasoning |
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Conventional morality is |
The set of traditional principles that are widely shared within a culture or society |
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The desire for unification in ethics is a desire for |
Single general moral principle |
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What area of moral philosophy deals with questions about what moral obligations are |
Normative ethics |
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Why is the literal meaning of religious texts problematic |
Such texts sometimes contradict themselves |
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Which of the following is required if we are Justified in relying on religion for moral guidance |
We must have a way of accurately interpreting our own religious text |
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According to the text, what does good moral character involve? |
Doing the right thing because it's the right thing to do q |
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According to the text book extracting reliable moral knowledge from religious scriptures is |
Difficult |
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If one has selected a religious text to rely on then |
One must interpret the text in order to determine what it implies about morality |
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Omniscience is the property of being |
All-knowing |
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In Platos Euthyphro Socrates asks |
"What reasons do we have for believing in the Gods?" |
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The Divine Command Theory states that |
Acts are morally required just because they are commanded by God |
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If fear of God is the most effective way to get people to act morally then, |
None of the above |
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Desists believe that |
God exists but does not give us moral guidance |
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Agonists are people who |
Are not sure whether God exists |
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What does Nozick think we desire to experience that the experience machine can't provide |
To live with contact in reality |
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Which of the following is not one of Nozicks reasons for not plugging in to the experience machine? |
We cannot serve other people once we are inside the machine |
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What does Nozick think we should conclude from the experience machine thought experiment |
What else can matter to us, other than how our lives feel from the inside? |
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What does Nozick think is most disturbing about the experience, transformation and results machine? |
They all live our lives for us |
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If all that mattered to us were our experiences, then |
We would enter the experience machine |
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According to Nozick, what explains people's disagreements over the use of psychoactive drugs |
Disagreement over whether or not such drugs enhance or inhibit our contact with reality |
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From the experience machine, thought experiment, Nozick thinks we should conclude |
That we often desire things that are not good for us |
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What is the paradox of self harm |
According to desire satisfaction theory it is impossible to intentionally harm yourself |
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A desire toward the interests of a distant stranger is an example of which kind of desire |
An other-regarding desire |
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What is the example of giving vaccines to small children supposed to show |
Some things can benefit us without satisfying our desires |
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What kind of theory does the text endorse as an alternative to the traditional desire satisfaction theory |
An objective theory |
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Why do impoverished desires pose a problem for desire theory |
All of the above |
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According to text why can't the desire satisfaction theorist maintain that what's good for us is the pleasure we feel when certain desires are satisfied? |
Because this is to say the pleasure rather than the desire satisfaction is what makes us better off |
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According to desire satisfaction theory |
No desire is intrinsically better than any other |
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Informed desires are those desires that |
Are not based on false beliefs |
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One example that shows that desire satisfaction is |
Vaccinations of small children |
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According to the desire satisfaction theory desire satisfaction is |
Both A and B |
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Which of the following is a premise in the desire satisfaction theorists argument for self interest |
If something satisfies our desires then we have reason to obtain it |
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How does Epicurus think we should pursue pleasure? |
By trying to maximize our total pleasure in the long run |
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What does Epicurus mean by pleasure |
Absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the soul |
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According to Epicurus one should seek pleasure |
Only when it will not result in greater amounts of pain later |
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Epicurus claims that the end of all our actions is |
To be free from pain and fear |
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According to Epicurus philosophy |
Is a worthwhile activity for young and old people alike |
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Which of the following claims is not true |
If hedonism is false, happiness is not intrinsically good for people |
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What is paternalism |
Limiting someone's Liberty against her will for your own good |
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What is lacking in the lives of wools on aldous Huxley's Brave new world? |
Autonomy |
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What does Ross's "Two Worlds" objection falsely assume about hedonism |
That it provides a way of evaluating worlds |
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The value of autonomy explains why paternalism is |
Always objectionable, even when it is justified |
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The experience machine thought experiment is supposed to show that happiness is less valuable I'd it is based on |
False beliefs |
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Autonomy is |
The power to guide our life through our own free choices |
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Ross's "Two Worlds" objection asks us to imagine two worlds that are alike in _____ and differ in _____. |
Total happiness; whether people are virtuous or viscous |
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If hedonism is true, then the enjoyment a serial killer derives from committing crimes is |
Good for her |
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If it's true that single-mindedly pursuing happiness makes you less happy then |
Hedonism says single-mindedly pursing happiness is not good for you |
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What would a hedonist say about a person who sometimes enjoyed his or her own pain |
Pain would sometimes be good for such a person |
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Which of the following is an attraction of hedonism |
It explains why there are many different types of good life |
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Who is widely regarded as the first great hedonist in Western philosophy? |
Epicurus |
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Which of the following is an important distinction for hedonists |
Physical vs. attitudinal pleasure |
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According to hedonism, your life is good for you to the extent that |
You experience pleasure and avoid pain |
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According to mill |
Intellectual and artistic pleasures are better than physical pleasures |
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According to Epicurus the ideal state of tranquility comes largely from |
Both A and B |
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The fact that we don't want our loved ones to get lobotomies |
Is thought to raise s problem for hedonism |
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The fact that parents typically want their children to be happy |
Doesn't prove that hedonism is either true or false |
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Some people enjoy their own physical pain in certain circumstances. Hedonists would say |
That their physical pain is good for them in those circumstances |
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According to hedonism |
All of the above |
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First great hedonist in western Philosophy |
Epicurus |
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An example of physical pleasure would be |
The sensation of a relaxing back massage |
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An example of an attitudinal pleasure would be |
The enjoyment of listening to your favorite song |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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What is an ideal observer |
An improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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What is an ideal observer |
An improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If I say "the death penalty is immoral" what does this mean according to ethical subjectivism |
I disapprove of the death penalty |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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What is an ideal observer |
An improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If I say "the death penalty is immoral" what does this mean according to ethical subjectivism |
I disapprove of the death penalty |
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If cultural relativism is true, what happens when the moral code of a society changes? |
Such changes never indicate moral progress |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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What is an ideal observer |
An improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If I say "the death penalty is immoral" what does this mean according to ethical subjectivism |
I disapprove of the death penalty |
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If cultural relativism is true, what happens when the moral code of a society changes? |
Such changes never indicate moral progress |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is the relationship between a thing being good and someone approving of it |
Things are good only because people approve of them |
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According to hedonism, the key ingredient to a good life is |
Happiness |
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If something is intrinsically valuable, then it must |
Be valuable for its own sake |
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Getting a vaccine that prevents illness is an example of something that is |
Instrumentally valuable |
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What is an ideal observer |
An improved version of oneself who is fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If I say "the death penalty is immoral" what does this mean according to ethical subjectivism |
I disapprove of the death penalty |
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If cultural relativism is true, what happens when the moral code of a society changes? |
Such changes never indicate moral progress |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is the relationship between a thing being good and someone approving of it |
Things are good only because people approve of them |
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What does cultural revitalism imply about iconoclasts who oppose the conventional moral wisdom of a society |
There are always morally mistaken |
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Which of the following would a cultural recitalist accept |
Morality is determined by guiding ideals of a society |
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Which of the following would a cultural recitalist accept |
Morality is determined by guiding ideals of a society |
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According to an ideal observer subjectivism, an action is morally right if |
I would approve of it if I were fully informed and perfectly rational |
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Which of the following would a cultural recitalist accept |
Morality is determined by guiding ideals of a society |
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According to an ideal observer subjectivism, an action is morally right if |
I would approve of it if I were fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If cultural revitalism is true, then |
Individuals can make moral progress but cultures cannot |
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Which of the following would a cultural recitalist accept |
Morality is determined by guiding ideals of a society |
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According to an ideal observer subjectivism, an action is morally right if |
I would approve of it if I were fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If cultural revitalism is true, then |
Individuals can make moral progress but cultures cannot |
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According to ethical subjectivism, |
Things are good simply because we like them |
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Which of the following would a cultural recitalist accept |
Morality is determined by guiding ideals of a society |
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According to an ideal observer subjectivism, an action is morally right if |
I would approve of it if I were fully informed and perfectly rational |
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If cultural revitalism is true, then |
Individuals can make moral progress but cultures cannot |
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According to ethical subjectivism, |
Things are good simply because we like them |
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If cultural revitalism is true, then the moral values of our culture are |
No better or worse than the moral values of other cultures |
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If ethical subjectivism is true, then ones deepest moral commitments are |
Always right |
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If ethical subjectivism is true, then ones deepest moral commitments are |
Always right |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is intrinsically valuable? |
Nothing |
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If ethical subjectivism is true, then ones deepest moral commitments are |
Always right |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is intrinsically valuable? |
Nothing |
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Someone is definitely a cultural revitalist if he or she believes that |
The guiding ideals of a society determine what is right or wrong. |
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If ethical subjectivism is true, then ones deepest moral commitments are |
Always right |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is intrinsically valuable? |
Nothing |
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Someone is definitely a cultural revitalist if he or she believes that |
The guiding ideals of a society determine what is right or wrong. |
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Moral skepticism is |
The view that there are no objective moral standards |
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If ethical subjectivism is true, then ones deepest moral commitments are |
Always right |
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According to ethical subjectivism, what is intrinsically valuable? |
Nothing |
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Someone is definitely a cultural revitalist if he or she believes that |
The guiding ideals of a society determine what is right or wrong. |
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Moral skepticism is |
The view that there are no objective moral standards |
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Moral nihilists believe that |
There are no moral truths |
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Objective moral standards are |
Those that apply to everyone regardless of what they believe |
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Objective moral standards are |
Those that apply to everyone regardless of what they believe |
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What is the best description of the following argument? |
Valid but not sound |
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If we discover that an argument is invalid what does this tell us about its conclusion |
None of the above |
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According to the text how should moral philosophy begin |
From a set of plausible ethical claims that is Subject to revision |
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What is an argument in philosophy |
A set of claims, including a conclusion and reasons given in support of the conclusion |
