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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four ideas of utilitarianism?
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consequentialism (look at the consequences), hedonism (measure the pleasure in those consequences), maximalism (find the maximum pleasure in those consequences), universalism (consider everybody)
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Two types of utilitarianism
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act and rule
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Looking to an outside source for ethics
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ethical fundamentalism
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Judging each situation independently
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ethical relativism
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Making decisions based on the consequences that would result
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consequentialist moral reasoning
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Making decisions based on moral requirements
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categorical moral reasoning
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Problems with utilitarianism
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1. can't measure utils well, 2. can be used to suppress minority to benefit majority, 3. big "if," 4. doesn't consider rights, fairness or justice
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Idea that there is right and wrong, consequences have nothing to do with right or wrong, “do the right thing,” judge not by consequences but by motives
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deontology
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Who was the big thinker for deontology?
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Immaneul Kant
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What are two properties of deontology?
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1.consistency- do it always
2.reversibility- goes both ways, not one-way deal, applies to everyone |
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What are seven principles of deontology?
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1. fidelity- keep your promises, tell the truth
2. reparations- compensate people for injuries you have wrongly inflicted 3. gratitude- return favors to others 4. justice- to ensure goods are fairly distributed according to merit, if you deserve it you get it 5. beneficence- do whatever you can to help everyone 6. self-improvement- always trying to make yourself better and more intelligent 7. non-maleficence- avoid injuring others jogging back south is like running fast and going nowhere |
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List problems with deontology
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1. elements can conflict, 2. is list finite? can't agree on one list, 3. doesn't rank list
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What is distributive justice?
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Ethics theory about fairness, not a level playing field so must try to make it such, most disadvantaged should be helped
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hard for us to think of right thing so consider if you don't know what position you are in, what decision would you make then?
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veil of ignorance
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What are problems with distributive justice?
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hard to forget who you are (veil of ignorance)
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Under distributive justice, what are the four questions to ethical decision making
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1.are the consequences of the action or policy good or bad?
2.Does it honor the right of those affected by the decision (including minority)? 3.Does the decision fulfill our duties? 4.Are the results of the decision fair and just to those concerned? |
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Name two benefits of corporations
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1. limited liability, 2. allow others to own part of it
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Name two downsides to corporation
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1. double taxation, 2. can't write off meals and such
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Define corporate social responsibility
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-”using the power of business to create a better world.”
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Who are the two people with opposing views on CSR?
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Milton Friedman, Kenneth Dayton
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What are the four responsibilities of a corporation?
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1. economic- must be profitable or go out of business
2.legal- nobody says corporations are above the law or contract law 3.ethical- open to debate, what should a corporation do? 4.Philanthropic- contribute to community |
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Name five major stakeholders of a corporation.
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1.employees
2.shareholders 3.customers 4.community (also: unions, media, organizations) 5.government |
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Name up to 6 reasons for CSR
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-long-run interest of profit
-avoid government regulation -use power for good -businesses have resources society needs -businesses have contributed to problems, duty to help fix -doing something is better than nothing |
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Name up to 8 reasons against CSR
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-difficult to define the concept
-what problems should be priority? -never going to be enough anyway -lack of accountability -don't want corporations playing another role and getting more powerful -it's not their role, not the best at community stuff and CSR, don't know what third graders should do -other nations don't care, so makes us less competitive -corporations already do a lot by giving people jobs |
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teleological philosophies focus on the ______ while deontological philosophies focus on the ______
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ends, means
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Deontologists believe that individuals have which 5 absolute rights
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due process, and freedom of: conscience, consent, privacy, speech
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