Ethics And Law In It Test 1

Front 1

The moral corruption of people in power often facilitated by a tendency for people to look the other way when their leaders act inappropriately.

Back 1

Bathsheba syndrome

Front 2

A statement that highlights an organization’s key ethical issues and identifies the overarching values and principles that are important to the organization and its decision making.

Back 2

Code of Ethics

Front 3

An approach to ethical decision making based on a vision of society as a community whose members work together to achieve a common set of values and goals.

Back 3

Common Good Approach

Front 4

A senior-level manager who provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct.

Back 4

Corporate Ethics Officer

Front 5

The concept that an organization should act ethically by taking responsibility for the impact of its actions on the environment, the community,and the welfare of its employees.

Back 5

Corporate Social Responsibility

Front 6

A set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society

Back 6

ethics

Front 7

An approach to ethical decision making that focuses on how fairly actions andpolicies distribute benefits and burdens among people affected by the decision

Back 7

Fairness Approach

Front 8

Adherence to a personal code of principles

Back 8

Integrity

Front 9

A system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do. Laws are enforced by a set of institutions

Back 9

Law

Front 10

A set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior within a society.

Back 10

Moral Code

Front 11

Social conventions about right and wrong that are widely shared throughout a society.

Back 11

Morality

Front 12

A clear, concise description of the issue that needs to be addressed in a decision-making process.

Back 12

Problem Statement

Front 13

A bill whose goal was to renew investors’ trust in corporate executives and their firms’ financial reports; the act led to significant reforms in the content and preparation of disclosure documents by public companies.

Back 13

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Front 14

A process whereby an organization reviews how well it is meeting its ethical and social responsibility goals, and communicates its new goals for the upcoming year

Back 14

Social Audit

Front 15

The act of illegally making copies of software or enabling others to access software to which they are not entitled.

Back 15

Software Piracy

Front 16

Someone who stands to gain or lose depending on how a situation is resolved

Back 16

Stakeholder

Front 17

An approach to ethical decision making that states that you should choose the action or policy that has the best overall consequences for all people who are directly or indirectly affected.

Back 17

utilitarian approach

Front 18

A moral habit that inclines people to do what is generally unacceptable to society.

Back 18

Vice

Front 19

A moral habit that inclines people to do what is generally acceptable to society

Back 19

Virtue

Front 20

An approach to ethical decision making that focuses on how you should behave and think about relationships if you are concerned with your daily life in a community.

Back 20

virtue ethics approach

Front 21

A subgroup of the board of directors that provides assistance to the board in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to the oversight of the quality and integrity of the organization’s accounting and reporting practices and controls, including financial statements and reports; the organization’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; the qualifications,independence, and performance of the company’s independent auditor; and the performance of the company’s internal audit function

Back 21

Audit Committee

Front 22

An agreed-upon set of skills and abilities that all licensed professionals in a particular type of profession must possess

Back 22

body of knowledge

Front 23

The failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract

Back 23

breach of contract

Front 24

The act of providing money, property, or favors to someone in business or government to obtain a business advantage.

Back 24

Bribery

Front 25

A trade group that represents the world’s largest software and hardware manufacturers; its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying of software produced by its members.

Back 25

Business Software Alliance (BSA)

Front 26

A recognition that a professional possesses a particular set of skills, knowledge, or abilities—in the opinion of the certifying organization.

Back 26

Ceritification

Front 27

To be in accordance with established policies, guidelines, specifications, or legislation

Back 27

Compliance

Front 28

A conflict between a person’s (or firm’s) self-interest and the interests of a client.

Back 28

Conflict of Ineterest

Front 29

The obligation to protect people against any unreasonable harm or risk

Back 29

Duty of Care

Front 30

A hardware or software device that serves as a barrier between an organization’s network and the Internet; a firewall also limits access to the company’s network based on the organization’s Internet usage policy.

Back 30

Firewall

Front 31

A federal law that makes it a crime to bribe a foreign official, a foreign political party official, or a candidate for foreign political office.

Back 31

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

Front 32

The crime of obtaining goods, services, or property through deception or trickery.

Back 32

Fraud

Front 33

A government-issued permission to engage in an activity or to operate a business; it is generally administered at the state level and often requires that the recipient pass a test of some kind.

Back 33

Government License

Front 34

A person for whom a hardware or software product is designed.

Back 34

IT User

Front 35

The failure of one party to perform certain express or implied obligations, which impairs or destroys the essence of the contract.

Back 35

material breach of contract

Front 36

The misstatement or incomplete statement of a material fact

Back 36

Misrepresentation

Front 37

The failure to do what a reasonable person would do, or doing something that a reasonable person would not do.

Back 37

Negligence

Front 38

A calling that requires specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation.

Back 38

Profession

Front 39

A statement of the principles and core values that are essential to the work of a particular occupational group.

Back 39

professional code of ethics

Front 40

Breach of the duty of care by a professional.

Back 40

Professional malpractice

Front 41

A legal standard that defines how an objective, careful, and conscientious person would have acted in the same circumstances.

Back 41

Reasonable person standard

Front 42

A legal standard that defendants who have particular expertise or competence are measured against.

Back 42

Reasonable professional standard

Front 43

Falsely claiming competence in a skill, usually because that skill is in high demand.

Back 43

Resume Inflation

Front 44

Information, generally unknown to the public, that a company has taken strong measures to keep confidential. It represents something of economic value that has required effort or cost to develop and that has some degree of uniqueness or novelty

Back 44

Trade Secret

Front 45

An effort to attract public attention to a negligent, illegal, unethical, abusive,or dangerous act by a company or some other organization.

Back 45

Whistle-blowing

Front 46

Software that regularly scans a computer’s memory and disk drives for viruses.

Back 46

Antivirus software

Front 47

A large group of computers controlled from one or more remote locations by hackers, without the knowledge or consent of their owners.

Back 47

Botnet

Front 48

A business policy that permits and encourages employees to use their own mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, or laptops) to access company computing resources and applications.

Back 48

bring your own device (BYOD)

Front 49

Software that generates and grades tests that humans can pass but all but the most sophisticated computer programs cannot.

Back 49

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Testto Tell Computers and Humans Apart)

Front 50

An environment in which software and data storage are services provided via the Internet (the cloud); the services are run on another organization’s computer hardware and are accessed by a Web browser.

Back 50

Cloud Computing

Front 51

Cooperation between two or more people, often an employee and a company outsider, to commit fraud.

Back 51

Collusion

Front 52

Legally obtained information gathered using sources available to the public; used to help a company gain an advantage over its rivals.

Back 52

Competitive Intelligence

Front 53

A discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to identify, collect, examine, and preserve data from computer systems, networks, and storage devices in a manner that preserves the integrity of the data gathered so it is admissible as evidence in a court of law

Back 53

Computer forensics

Front 54

A 2004 law that specifies requirements that commercial emailers must follow when sending out messages that advertise or promote a commercial product or service.

Back 54

Controlling the Assault of Non-SolicitedPornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act

Front 55

An individual, motivated by the potential for monetary gain, who hacks into computers to steal, often by transferring money from one account to another to another.

Back 55

Cybercriminal

Front 56

An individual who launches computer-based attacks against other computers or networks in an attempt to intimidate or coerce a government in order to advance certain political or social objectives.

Back 56

Cyberterrorist

Front 57

The unintended release of sensitive data or the access of sensitive data by unauthorized individuals

Back 57

Data Breach

Front 58

An attack on an information system that takes advantage of aparticular system vulnerability.

Back 58

Exploit

Front 59

Someone who tests the limitations of information systems out of intellectual curiosity—to see if he or she can gain access

Back 59

Hacker

Front 60

Hacking to achieve a political or social goal.

Back 60

Hacktivism

Front 61

The use of illegal means to obtain business information not available to the general public.

Back 61

Industrial espionage

Front 62

Someone who uses illegal means to obtain trade secrets from competitors

Back 62

Industrial Spy

Front 63

Software and/or hardware that monitors system and network resources and activities, and notifies network security personnel when it identifies possible intrusions from outside the organization or misuse from within the organization.

Back 63

Intrusion detection system (IDS)

Front 64

A technically inept hacker. See also script kiddie.

Back 64

Lamer

Front 65

A type of Trojan horse that executes when it is triggered by a specific event.

Back 65

Logic Bomb

Front 66

A poorly trained and inadequately managed employee who means well but who has the potential to cause much damage.

Back 66

Negligent Insider

Front 67

The act of fraudulently using email to try to get the recipient to reveal personal data.

Back 67

Phishing

Front 68

Malware that disables a computer or smartphone until the victim pays a fee or ransom.

Back 68

Ransomware

Front 69

A concept in computer security that recognizes that managers must use their judgment to ensure that the cost of control does not exceed the system’s benefits or the risks involved.

Back 69

Reasonable assurance

Front 70

The process of assessing security-related risks from both internal and external threats to an organization’s computers and networks.

Back 70

Risk Assessment

Front 71

A set of programs that enables its user to gain administrator-level access to a computer without the end user’s consent or knowledge.

Back 71

Rootkit

Front 72

A technically inept hacker. See also lamer

Back 72

Script Kiddie

Front 73

A process that evaluates whether an organization has a well considered security policy in place and if it is being followed.

Back 73

Security Audit

Front 74

A written statement that defines an organization’s security requirements, as well as the controls and sanctions needed to meet those requirements

Back 74

Security Policy

Front 75

A form of debit or credit card that contains a memory chip that is updated with encrypted data every time the card is used.

Back 75

Smart Card

Front 76

A variation of phishing in which victims receive a legitimate-looking SMS text message on their phone telling them to call a specific phone number or to log on to a Web site.

Back 76

Smishing

Front 77

A variation of phishing in which the phisher sends fraudulent emails to a certain organization’s employees. The phony emails are designed to look like they came from high-level executives within the organization.

Back 77

Spear-phishing

Front 78

A program in which malicious code is hidden inside a seemingly harmless program

Back 78

Trojan horse

Front 79

A method of computing that delivers secure, private, and reliable computing experiences based on sound business practices.

Back 79

Trustworthy computing

Front 80

A server with virtualization software is able to create several virtual machines each with their own operating system that run on that single server.

Back 80

Virtual Machine

Front 81

A technology that uses the Internet to relay communications, maintaining privacy through security procedures and tunneling protocols, which encrypt data at the sending end and decrypt it at the receiving end.

Back 81

Virtual private network (VPN)

Front 82

A software program that emulates computer hardware by enabling multiple operating systems to run on one computer host.

Back 82

Virtualization software

Front 83

A piece of programming code, usually disguised as something else, that causes a computer to behave in an unexpected and usually undesirable manner.

Back 83

Virus

Front 84

A specific sequence of bytes that indicates to antivirus software that a specific virus is present.

Back 84

Virus Signature

Front 85

A variation of phishing in which victims receive a voice mail telling them to call a specific phone number or log on to access a specific Web site.

Back 85

Vishing

Front 86

A harmful program that resides in the active memory of a computer and duplicates itself.

Back 86

Worm

Front 87

An attack that takes place before the security community or software developer knows about the vulnerability or has been able to repair it.

Back 87

Zero-day Attack

Front 88

A computer that is part of a botnet and that is controlled by a hacker without the knowledge or consent of its owner.

Back 88

Zombie