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493 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which product dissolves dirt and make-up, softens skin and unblocks pores
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Cleanser
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Which product can help dehydration, sensitivity, and capillary problems
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Cleanser
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What are the purpose of astringents
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help oily skin, fight acne, and uses alcohol to remove excess oil
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Which product removes residue left after cleansing
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Toner
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Alpha hydroxides perform what treatment
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Exfoliation
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The esthetician's domain is
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the superficial epidermis
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Removal of dry, dead surface cells benefit the skin by
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improving the skin's ability to retain moisture, makes skin smoother, and stimulates blood flow
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One should not use exfoliation techniques on clients with
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older, thinner skin that can bruise easily
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Enzyme peels differ from AHA treatments in that they
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are more gentle
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Which treatment is both chemical and mechanical exfoliation
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gommage
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Peels are beneficial because they directly help
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skin with dead cell buildup
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Over-exfoliation can cause
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breakdown of hydrolipidic film, diminished hydration, inflammation
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What treatment can treat several conditions at once
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Mask
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The hardening component of a mask can be made up of
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paraffin, gypsum, alginate
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Clay masks are beneficial by
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pore contraction, antiseptic properties, stimulating circulation
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A benefit of a paraffin mask is
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deeper product penetration
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Modelage mask need what 3 ingredients
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gypsum, water and treatment cream
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What should you not do before or after a modelage mask
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massage
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What might you find in serums
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vitamins, antioxidants, lipids
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Water-based moisturizers are ideal for
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diminishing blemishes
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Day creams may include this valuable ingredient
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sunscreen
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Night creams generally have what consistancy
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light
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What might be added to massage lotions to enhance treatment
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aromatherapy oils
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An ampule is applied under
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moisturizer
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Sun exposure can lead to
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hyperpigmentation, free radical damage, breakdown of elastin and collagen
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Oxybenzone protects against which rays
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UVB
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Parsol 1789 is a what
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sunscreen
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With an SPF 2, a person can stay in the sun how much longer than usual?
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Twice as long
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Which product contain dihydroxyacetone which reacts with proteins
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self tanners
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Which product should a client NOT use more than twice a week
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exfoliant
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Is a preservative an active or inactive ingredient?
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Inactive
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Which type of ingredient is likely to cause a reaction?
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fragrances
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The oldest preservatives used to fight bacteria
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methyl paraben
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Sodium bicarbonate is also known as
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baking soda
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This will draw moisture out of the skin if it's moisture content is greater than the atmosphere
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sorbitol
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A common acner ingredient is
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sulfur
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What are the three types of ingredients
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functional, performance, cosmeceutical
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What is the purpose of emollients
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Helps place, spread and keep on skin, barrier function
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What ingredient reduces surface tension between skin and product and aids spreadability
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surfactant
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What prevents bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product
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preservative
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What ingredient improves hydration, plumpness, smoothness of skin
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Lipids
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Glycerin, sodium PCA, sorbitol, seaweed extracts, algae extract, hyaluronic acid are all examples of
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Hydrators/moisturizers/humectants
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Carbomers are used for what in creams and gels
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thicken
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Glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, salicylic acids are used for what
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chemical exfoliation
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Papain, bromelain, pancreatin are used for what
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enzymes for exfoliation
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What treatment works by loosening bond between cells in the surface of corneum
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chemical exfoliation
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What treatment is used to lighten pigmented areas, soften rough skin and help breakouts
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chemical exfoliation
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What treatment is designed to dissolve keratin proteins on surface of skin
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enzyme exfoliation
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Hydroquinone and Kojic acid are used for what
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Lightening and brightening
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Antioxidants have two main purposes, what are they
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neutralize free radicals and as a preservative
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Polyglucans and betaglucans do what for the skin
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strenthen immune system and stimulate metabolism
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These are chains of amino acids designed to stimulate fibroblasts, soften wrinkles and improve firmness
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peptides
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Topical form of Vitamin A
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Retinols
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Purpose of Retinols is to
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stimulate cell repair and generate new cells
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Vitamin K can be useful for
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cuperose
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Microdermabrasion is a form of what kind of exfoliation
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Mechanical
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Which mask is ideal for sensitive, dehydrated skin
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gel
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Which mask draws impurities to surface as mask dries and tightens
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Clay
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sebaceous glands produce what
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sebum
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suderiferous glands produce what
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sweat
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What holds in moisture, protects from environment and is lost by use of soap, over exfoliation, and environmental factors
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acid mantle/hydrolipic film/barrier function
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Actinic means what
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aged by sun damage
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Dry skin has what size pores
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small
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Alipic skin is what
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dry
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Dry skin feels
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rough and tight
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Treatment goals of dry skin
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stimulate oil and protect skin
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Normal skin has what size pores
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small to medium (T-zone)
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How should normal skin feel
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moist to the touch
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Treatment goals of normal skin
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Maintain and prevent
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Combonation skin is a combo of what skin types
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oily & dry or oily & normal
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Combo skin type has what size pores
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Med to large (t-zone)
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Combo skin needs water based products or oil based products
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water based
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Treatment goals of combo skin
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Balance
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Treatment goals of sensitive skin
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calm, soothe, reduce redness
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Possible causes of sensitive skin
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Environment, genetics, over exfoliation, age, medications, products, heat, sun
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What size pores does oily skin have
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Large
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Treatment goals of oily skin
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home care, more cleansing (extractions), more exfoliation,
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Meditteranean skin is what Fitzpatrick
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IV
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Black skin is what Fitzpatrick
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VI
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Mid-eastern skin is what Fitzpartrick
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V
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Which ethnic skin is most fragile
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Asian
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Another name for pigment cells
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Melanocytes
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Melanosome is what
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pigment granules
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Another name for pigment
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Melanin
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What skin type is lacking water
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Dehydrated
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What is an occlusive
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mimics hydrolipidic film and reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
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What does dehydrated skin feel like
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rough and flaky
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Which UV has longer wavelengths
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UVA
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Which UV has shorter wavelengths
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UVB
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Which UV has a greater effect on DNA
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UVB
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Which is the Aging UV
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UVA
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Which is the burning UV
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UVB
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Which UV penetrates the dermis
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UVA
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Which UV causes wrinkles
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UVA
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Which UV causes cancer
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UVB
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Which UV has more energy
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UVB
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What is the minimal erythemal dose
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How long it takes to become red
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What is the largest organ in the body
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skin
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Where is the thickest skin and the thinnest skin on the body
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Palms & Soles are thickest, Eyelids are thinnest
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What are the 5 protective functions of skin
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Sensation, Excretion, Heat Regulation, Secretions, Absorbtion
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The Acid Mantle/hydrolipidic film is made up of what
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sebum, lipid, sweat, water
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Intercellular glue hold what together
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dead skin cells
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What is used to break up intercellular glue
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AHA
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What are langerhans cells
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The guards that produce T-cells (immune cells)
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What are langerhans cells sensitive to
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sun
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What are T-cells
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Immune cells
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Tan skin means what
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Skin is unhealthy, that it's under attack and the pigment is trying to protect itself
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Sensation protects skin how
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Sends message to brain regarding , pain, touch, temperature, pressure
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heat regulation protects skin how
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sweat dissipates heat, blood vessels dilate to cool, fat layers insulate
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Suderiferous glands detox body of what
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salt and unwanted chemicals
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Suderiferous is excretion or secretion
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excretion
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sebaceous is excreation or secretion
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secretion
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Sebum slows down the evaporation of what
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water
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During Absorption what does skin let in, and what does it let out
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O2 in, CO2 out
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What are keratinocytes
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dead protein cells
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What are the layers of the epidermis
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Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum, Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
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Which is the "horny" layer
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Stratum Corneum
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Which layer is permeable, regenerates, detoxifies body, responds to stimuli and is waterproof
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Stratum Corneum
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Which layer is 95% keratinocytes
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Stratum Corneum
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What are cornocytes
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protective cells
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What are squamous cells
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Flat protective cells
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What is an example of soft keratin and hard keratin
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skin (soft), hair/nails (hard)
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Cell turnover happens how often
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every 28 to 90 days
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what is the top thin protective covering made of keratinocytes
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epidermis
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What skin layer is clear
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Stratum lucidum
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Palms of hands and soles of feet and ridges on fingers are examples of what layer of skin
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Stratum lucidum
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Which layer of skin produces keratin and lipids
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum granulosum has granules filled with what
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keratin
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Which layer does keratins start to die, then move up to become keratinocytes
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Stratum granulosum
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Which is the spiny layer
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Stratum Spinosum
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Which skin layer finishes mitosis, enzymes produce lipids/proteins and Immune cells can be found
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Stratum Spinosum
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Which layer is only one cell thick
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Stratum Germinativum
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Which layer is referred to as the "Live" layer, which is made up of basal cells
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Stratum Germinativum
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Melanocytes can be found in what layer
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Stratum Germinativum
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Merkel cells (sensory cells) can be found in what layer
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Stratum Germinativum
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Which is the "true layer"
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Dermis
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Which is 25 times thicker then the other, dermis or epidermis
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Dermis
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You find nerves, vessels, glands, connective tissue, collagen, elastin and protein in this layer
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Dermis
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Epidermal-dermal junction is found in what layer
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Papillary
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What is the layer of "touch"
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Papillary
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What is produced by fibroblasts
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Collagen and elastin
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70% of dermis is what
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collagen
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Keloids happen when too much of this is produced
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collagen
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What layer houses hair follicles, glands (sweat/oil), nerve endings, collagen, elastin, and vessels
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reticular
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What produces sagging, wrinkles, stretch marks when it is broken down
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elastin
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Another name for fluids for hydration that are designed for water balance, cell metabolism, migration and growth
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ground substance
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What holds 1000 times it's weight in water and has plumping effect on skin
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hyaluronic acid
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This tissue gives us a protective cushion, contour & smoothness, energy, and decreases with age
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Subcutaneous tissue
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Fat tissue is also called
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adipose
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What is an appendage to skin
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Nails/Hair
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ONYX means what
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Nails
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Goose bumps are achieved with what muscle
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arrector pili
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Name the three kinds of nerve fibers
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Motor, Sensory, Secretory
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Which nerve fiber is responsible for the sweat/oil glands
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Secretory
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What colors are Pheomelanin
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Red-yellow
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What colors are Eumelanin
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Dark brown-black
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The sebaceous gland excretes what
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sebum
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The suderiferous gland secretes what
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sweat
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Which suderiferous gland is attached to hair follicles, found underarms and genitals, and is active during emotional changes
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appocrine
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Which suderiferous gland is found primarily on forehead, palms and soles and is active during activity and high temps
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eccrine
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What are examples of things that effect skin's health
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heredity, sun, environment, lifestyle, diet
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Ceramides which are a lipid molecules act as
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barrier function
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What skin types will benefit from lipids
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dry, damaged, mature
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What can a person do to combat environmental attacks on skin
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wash, exfoliate, moisturize, sunscreen
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What does alcohol do to skin
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over dilates and weakens vessels causing them to expand and burst
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Microcirculation produces what conditions
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cuperose, telangiectasia, rosacea
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In mature skin, the result of reduced glycosaminoglycans
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less moisture
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In mature skin, the result of reduced keratinocytes
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slower cell mitosis
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In mature skin, the result of reduced melonocytes is
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protective pigment lessens
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In mature skin, the result of increased testosterone is
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more oil, hair, and pores get bigger
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Skin type is based on the amount of _____________ produced
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sebum
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What fitzpatrick type is more sensitive and reactive
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I-very fair
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What skin type is more prone to hyperpigmentation
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dark skin
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Which type rarely burns and always tans
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IV-Mediteranean
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Smoking causes what condition in the skin
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asphyxiation
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The skin protects the body from injury and
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bacteria
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Melanosomes produce what
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melanin
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What is the name of the fatty layer underneath the dermis
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subcutaneous
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Unstable atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons are
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free radicals
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Telangiectasia is
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dilated capillaries
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Which type of suderiferous gland has offensive odor
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Appocrine
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Which type of sweat gland is not found on the hair follicle
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Eccrine
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Which type of sweat gland is activated by emotion
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Appocrine
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The skin is nourished by what two things
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blood and lymph
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A small discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle is
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macule
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A papule is a primary or secondary lesion
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primary
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A bulla and vesicle both contain
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watery fluid
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An accumulation of dry or oily epidermal flakes is known as
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a scale
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An accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes with epidermal tissue is called
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bulla
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A crack in the skin that can cause chapped hands is
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fissure
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Another name for infectious disease
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communicable
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A sensitivity to normally harmless substances or objects is an
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allergy
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Sebaceous tumor is also called a
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steatoma
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What's a symptom of asteatosis
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dry skin
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Massage that involves manipulation of deep muscle tissue is known as
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swedish
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massage promotes warmth because blood supply and circulation are
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increased
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Massage should not be performed on skin with
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abrasions
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Type of massage movement in which skin in grasped between thumb and forefinger is called
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petrissage
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The continuous slow movement applied with fingers and palms known as efflearage is also called
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stroking
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The massage movement involving kneading is
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petrissage
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Fulling movements, in which tissue is grasped, gently lifted and spread out is a form of
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petrissage
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Tapping, slapping, and hacking are called one of these two terms
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percussion or tapotement
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The movement where you contracts your arm muscle
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vibration
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What can contradict massage
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sunburn, acne, sensitive skin
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Which massage is generally used on scalp
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friction
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Which massage is good for toning sluggish skin
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tapotement
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Which type of massage requires you to use your body and shoulders
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vibration
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Which massage lifts the tissue from underlying structures, then squeezes, rolls or pinches with a light, firm pressure
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petrissage
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What are the 5 classic massage moves
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effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration
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Which massage uses essential oils
|
aromatherapy
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Which massage helps to detox body
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lymphatic
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Do you massage from insertion to origin or origin to insertion
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insertion to origin
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Which part of the muscle that does not move, attached to skeleton and is part of skeletal muscle
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origin
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Which part of the muscle were skeletal muscle is attached to bone or other movable body part
|
insertion
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How long should a massage last during a facial
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10-15min
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What's the biggest difference between a professional facial and an at-home regimen
|
facial massage
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What are some contraindications of massage
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high blood pressure, heart conditions, cancer, open lesions, acne, skin disorders, rosacea, severe cuperose, sunburn, sensitive or deeply peeled skin, contagious diseases
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What movement is defined by soft, continuous stroking movement applied with fingers and palms in slow, rhythmic manner
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effleurage
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This is the most important massage movement
|
effleurage
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What movement can stimulate sebum production and activate sluggish skin
|
petrissage
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Which rubbing movement stimulates circulation and glandular activity of skin
|
friction
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Chucking, rolling and wringing are all forms of what massage
|
friction
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This movement is effective in treating oily skin and acne blemished skin
|
Dr Jacquet
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This type of massage applies pressure to various points, repeated 3-6 times, pausing 3-6 sec on each point
|
Acupressure, Pressure point massage
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This massage manipulates areas on hands and feet
|
reflexology
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One celled microorganisms with plant and animal characteristics are known as
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bacteria
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Sterilization is the process of
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destroying all bacteria
|
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The two types of bacteria are
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pathogenic and non-pathogenic
|
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Which bacteria is round and can be alone, in pairs or groups
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cocci
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An example of bacteria that goes into spore-forming stage is
|
anthrax
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Bacteria that forms pus and pustules is
|
staphylococci
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Disinfection is the ability to kill
|
everything but spores
|
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A wet sanitizer should contain
|
disinfectant
|
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Sharp metallic instruments should be sanitized with
|
99% alcohol
|
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Quaternary ammonium compounds are used as
|
disinfectant
|
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Prior to sanitizing instruments, they should be
|
washed with soap and water
|
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Disinfecting with phenol requires what strength
|
5%
|
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Sodium hypochlorite is also known as
|
bleach
|
|
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UV light is a form of sanitation, disinfection or sterilization
|
sanitation
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The body's ability to kill bacteria and resist infection is
|
immunity
|
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The process of sterilization using steam under pressure is
|
autoclave
|
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A chemical agent having the power to destroy bacteria is a
|
germicide
|
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What are the three levels of decontamination
|
sanitation, disinfection, sterilization
|
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What are the different grades of disinfectants
|
chemical, hospital, tuberculocidal
|
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MDSD sheets provide what information
|
ingredients, safe use and handling, harm and overexposure, flammability
|
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What are the four potentially infectious microorganisms
|
bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites
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What form of cocci is responsible for strep throat and blood poisoning and is in a curved line
|
streptococci
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Which cocci grow in clusters
|
staphylococci
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Which spherical cocci grow in pairs and an example is pneumonia
|
Diplococci
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What bacteria is most common and is short, rod shaped
|
Bacilli
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What bacteria is spiral/corkscrew shaped and an example is syphillis or lyme disease
|
Spirilla
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In the active stage, bacteria can divide into
|
daughter cells
|
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What is pus?
|
Infection, white blood cells, debris of dead cells, tissue elements, bacteria
|
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How much of the population carries staph
|
one-third of population
|
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What is the difference between a local and general infection
|
local-confined to one area, lesion containing pus, general-bloodstream carries to all parts of body
|
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What is a microscopic organism that can infest almost all plants and animals including bacteria
|
virus
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What infectious organism lives by penetrating cells and becoming part of them
|
virus
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Cold, flu, herpes, measles, pox, hepatitis, polio, AIDS are examples of what
|
viruses
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Which hepatitis are a concern for us
|
ABC
|
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Which hepatitis is most difficult to kill
|
B
|
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Body fights infections by
|
unbroken skin, body secretion, white blood cells, antitoxins
|
|
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Which parasites live inside
|
Endoparasites
|
|
|
Which parasites live outside
|
Ectoparasites
|
|
|
Pediculitis is what
|
head lice
|
|
|
Another name for crabs or itch mites are
|
Scabies
|
|
|
Example of an endoparasite
|
protozoa-malaria
|
|
|
These are nourished by dead organic matter or from living organisms and can be single cell or in colonies
|
Fungi
|
|
|
These live off keratin
|
Fungi
|
|
|
Athlete's Foot is also called
|
Tinea pedis
|
|
|
Nail infection is called
|
Onychomycosis
|
|
|
Ringworm is called
|
Tinea coporis
|
|
|
Sun spots are called
|
Tinea versicolor
|
|
|
This fungi is a yeast infection found on skin folds
|
Intertrigo
|
|
|
What's the difference between natural and acquired immunity
|
Natural-inherited, acquired-after body overcomes or vaccinated
|
|
|
To significantly reduce the number of pathogens or disease producing organisms
|
sanitation
|
|
|
Antiseptic is a form of what decontamination
|
sanitation
|
|
|
Kills most microorganisms
|
disinfectant
|
|
|
QUATS, phenol, Alcohol, and Bleach are forms of what
|
disinfectants
|
|
|
This machine stimulates circulation, softens sebum & debris and makes extractions easier
|
steamer
|
|
|
Which kind of skin should the rotary brush not be used on
|
acne, cuperose, inflamed skin
|
|
|
How many passes should you do with the vaccuum machine
|
3-5 passes
|
|
|
Contraindications for the galvanic
|
couperose, pustules, inflamed skin, pregnant, pacemaker, heart condition, chronic migraines, or diabetes
|
|
|
Another name for mag light is
|
loupe
|
|
|
The magnification power of the mag light is measured in
|
diopters
|
|
|
Wood's lamp is used for what
|
illuminate skin conditions
|
|
|
Main purpose of rotary brush is
|
light exfoliate, stimulates skin, softens excess oil, dirt and cell buildup
|
|
|
Vacuum machine cleanses impurities and
|
reduces lines and wrinkles
|
|
|
Purpose of spray mist is
|
calm and hydrate
|
|
|
The steamer has antiseptic properties when it uses
|
ozone
|
|
|
Steam should be on the face for
|
6-10min
|
|
|
The lucas sprayer produces mist that is
|
cool or warm
|
|
|
The electrode for high frequency contains what gas
|
neon gas
|
|
|
The galvanic machince converts alternating current to
|
direct current
|
|
|
The galvanic process that emulsifies sebum is known as
|
disencrustation
|
|
|
The ionizing roller is a popular
|
electrode
|
|
|
What area of the face should be avoided during iontophoresis
|
couperose areas
|
|
|
Alkaline products tend to be which charge
|
negative
|
|
|
To ensure proper electrical conduction during iontophoresis, it's important to
|
place wet gauze or sponge on electrodes
|
|
|
When using ionto mask, a wet pad is usually placed
|
under client's shoulder
|
|
|
Which treatment will achieve a temporary glowing complexion
|
paraffin mask
|
|
|
Steamers should be cleaned how often
|
2x/month
|
|
|
Anaphoresis, the estetician holds which charge
|
negative
|
|
|
During galvanic, if the product's charge is unknown, then start with what charge
|
negative
|
|
|
The purpose of iontophoresis is
|
product penetration
|
|
|
The purpose of desincrustation is
|
liquifying sebum, dissolving oil, clogged pores, comedones, debris
|
|
|
What is saponification
|
sebum to soap
|
|
|
Cataphoresis uses which pole
|
Positive (Anode)
|
|
|
Anaphoresis uses which pole
|
Negative (Cathode)
|
|
|
Which phoresis tightens skin, calms/soothes nerve endings, decreases blood circulation, product penetration
|
Cataphoresis
|
|
|
Which phoresis softens/relaxes tissue, stimulates, increases blood circulation
|
Anaphoresis
|
|
|
This machine uses a fine mist and is used for dehydration, mature skin, couperose
|
Lucas Sprayer
|
|
|
This machine increases circulation, oxygenates skin, creates ozone and germicidal on skin
|
High Frequency machine
|
|
|
Water-based foundation is ideal for what skin type
|
Oily
|
|
|
What are secondary colors
|
orange, violet, green
|
|
|
What are complementary colors
|
Primary & secondary color directly opposite with each other
|
|
|
What colors can be both warm and cool
|
red and green
|
|
|
Foundation protects skin from what
|
environment
|
|
|
The best foundation for normal to dry skin is
|
oil based
|
|
|
What coverage do cream foundations achieve
|
med to heavy
|
|
|
Liquid foundation is a
|
suspension with pigment
|
|
|
Example of barrier agent
|
silicone, sunscreen
|
|
|
What does face powder do
|
set foundation and add matte finish
|
|
|
Most face powders contain
|
talc
|
|
|
Cream and gel cheek colors are best for skin that is
|
dry to normal
|
|
|
Three steps in eyeshadow are:
|
base, contour, highlight
|
|
|
Stick and cream shadows are
|
water based
|
|
|
What do dark eyeshadows do to the iris
|
appears lighter
|
|
|
What color should you avoid with eyeshadow
|
same as eye color
|
|
|
Three forms of mascara
|
cream, cake, liquid
|
|
|
Most mascaras contain wax, true or false
|
TRUE
|
|
|
Are mascaras a polymer product?
|
Yes
|
|
|
In regards to makeup, skin color is described as
|
light, medium, dark
|
|
|
Which face is 3/4 as wide as long
|
Oval
|
|
|
Which face has a jaw that is wider then forehead
|
triangle
|
|
|
What face shape has a narrow forehead and is widest at cheekbones
|
diamond
|
|
|
Which face is widest at the cheekbone area and not much longer than it is wide, with rounded features
|
Round
|
|
|
Which face has a wide angular jaw and forehead
|
Square
|
|
|
What face shape is long and narrow
|
Rectangle
|
|
|
Which face is wide at temple, then narrow chin
|
Inverted triangle
|
|
|
Which face has a small, pointed chin and narrow jawline, but wider at forehead
|
heart
|
|
|
To correct a sallow skin color, you would use a color with a base of
|
pink
|
|
|
Trichology is the study of what
|
hair and diseases
|
|
|
The hair follicle is a mass of what
|
epidermal cells
|
|
|
What is the pilosebaceous follicle
|
Hair follicle
|
|
|
The bulb is what shape
|
club shaped
|
|
|
Where is the bulb found on the follicle
|
base
|
|
|
The dermal papilla is found where
|
epidermis-dermal junction
|
|
|
The blood vessels and cells for nourishment and growth are found in what part of follicle
|
the papilla
|
|
|
The hair grows from the papilla to the surface in approximately
|
4-13 weeks
|
|
|
Which serves as a wick for sebum
|
hair
|
|
|
Excessive growth of hair in normal areas of growth is
|
hirsutism
|
|
|
Grey hair is coarse with a
|
deeper root system
|
|
|
Who has the most tendencey for ingrown hairs
|
african and australian
|
|
|
What is permanent hair removal
|
electrolysis
|
|
|
Laser and photo light hair removal is considered to be
|
permanent hair reduction
|
|
|
Galvanic, themolysis and blend are methods of what
|
electrolysis
|
|
|
Elecrolysis using combo of direct current and high frequency is
|
blend
|
|
|
Caustic alkali chemical cream, pastes, and powders hair removers are
|
depilatories
|
|
|
Wax should be applied what direction to hair growth
|
same
|
|
|
The removal of hair by root is called
|
epilation
|
|
|
An electrologist must insert need at the same direction of
|
follicle
|
|
|
Threading is a form of
|
epilation
|
|
|
What are three stages of hair growth and define
|
anagen-active, catagen-growing up and out of papilla, talogen-final rest, about to fall out
|
|
|
What part of the hair follicle is cone-shaped at the base of follicle
|
papilla
|
|
|
What kind of hair is very fine, soft and found all over body
|
vellus hair
|
|
|
This condition has excessive growth of hair where it doesn't normally grow
|
Hyperthichosis
|
|
|
In this form of electrolysis a negatively charged needle is placed in follicle, creating lye that destroys follicle wall.
|
Galvanic Electrolysis
|
|
|
In this form of electrolysis utilizes high frequency current to produce heat, which coagulates and destroys follicle
|
Thermolysis
|
|
|
A client with barbae folliculitis could see some relief if they
|
shave in different direction
|
|
|
Which form of hair removal is a patch test very important
|
depilatories
|
|
|
How do you prep skin for waxing
|
Pre-base and air dry
|
|
|
What length should hair be to wax
|
1/4" and no longer than 3/4"
|
|
|
What should your post waxing instructions be
|
no sun, exfoliation, irritating creams or cosmetics, excessive heat or friction
|
|
|
How thick should hard wax be applied
|
nickel thick
|
|
|
When waxing what should you avoid
|
moles, warts, abrasions, etc.
|
|
|
What are some examples of waxing contraindications
|
varicose veins, phlebitis, diabetes, recent peels, microdermabrasion, injectables, cosmetic surgery, rosacea, sunburn, cold sores, topical Vitamin A, Accutane, blood thinners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a form of energy that when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical or thermal effects
|
Electricity
|
|
|
is a good conductor
|
Copper
|
|
|
is a constant even flowing current that travels in one direction
|
Direct Current
|
|
|
rapid and interupted current flowing first in one direction, then the opposite. Hair dryers and curling irons that plug into a wall outlet use alternating current
|
Alternating Current
|
|
|
unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor
|
Volt
|
|
|
or ampere is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current
|
Amp
|
|
|
one thousandth of an ampere-the current used for facial treatments is measured in milliampere
|
Milliampere
|
|
|
A unit that measures the resistance of an electric current
|
Ohm
|
|
|
a special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
|
Fuse
|
|
|
switch that automatically interrupts/shuts off electric circle at first indication of overload
|
Circuit Breaker
|
|
|
completes the circuit and carries current to ground
|
Grounding
|
|
|
positive electrode-usually red marked P or +
|
anode
|
|
|
negative electrode usually black marked -
|
cathode
|
|
|
galvanic current-it is constant & direct
|
most commonly used modality
|
|
|
the process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current such as the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
|
Iontophoresis
|
|
|
forces acidic substances deeper into tissues using galvanic current from the positive to negative pole
|
Cataphoresis
|
|
|
process of forcing liquids into tissues from the negative to positive poles
|
Anaphoresis
|
|
|
process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in hair follicle
|
Desincrustation
|
|
|
used during scapl and facial manipulations, best suited for nervous clients
|
Sinusodial Current
|
|
|
This treatment uses -thermal or heat producing current
|
Tesla High frequency current
|
|
|
client holds the tube electrode
|
indirect application
|
|
|
electromagnetic radiation we can see
|
visible light
|
|
|
also called radiant energy
|
electro magnetic radiation
|
|
|
the wavelengths are beyond visible spectrum
|
Ultraviolet and infrared rays are invisible because
|
|
|
invisible rays make up what percent
|
65%
|
|
|
make up 5% produce chemical effects
|
Ultraviolet Rays
|
|
|
make up 60% produce most heat
|
infrared rays
|
|
|
Substance that doesn't easily transmit electricity
|
Insulator/Non-conductor
|
|
|
apparatus that converts DC to AC
|
Converter
|
|
|
apparatus that converts AC to DC
|
Rectifier
|
|
|
measures how much energy is being used/second
|
Watt
|
|
|
is 1000 watts and used in house electricity
|
Kilowatt
|
|
|
This emblem certifies the safety of electrical appliances
|
UL-Underwriter's Laboratory
|
|
|
Produces acid reaction, closes pores, soothes nerves, decreases blood supply, contracts vessels, hardens/firms tissue
|
Anode
|
|
|
Produces alkaline reaction, open pores, stimulates/irritates nerves, increase blood supply, expands vessels, softens tissue
|
Cathode
|
|
|
Contraindications for electricity
|
Cuperose, pacemaker, epilepsy, metal in body, pregnant
|
|
|
Uses AC and produces mechanical reaction. Improves muscle tone, increases circulation, glandular activity, hair growth and metabolism
|
Faradic current
|
|
|
This produces low levels of electricity that mirrors body's natural electrical impulses. Improves blood & lymph circulation, muscle tone, collagen & elastin production, decreases redness, inflammation, healing time.
|
Microcurrent
|
|
|
Provides a germicidal effect, can be stimulating or soothing, relieves congestion
|
High Frequency
|
|
|
This color has the longest wavelength
|
Red
|
|
|
This color has the shortest wavelength
|
Violet
|
|
|
These have shorter wavelengths, penetrate less and have a chemical effect
|
UV Rays
|
|
|
These have longer wavelength, penetrate deeper and produce more heat.
|
Infared Rays
|
|
|
This visible light ray is a pain reliever, relaxes muscles, and has both chemical and germicidal effects
|
White light
|
|
|
This visible light ray is good for oily skin and can reduce acne.
|
Blue light
|
|
|
This visible light ray is good for dry skin with the use of oil or creams and it increases collagen.
|
Red light
|
|
|
This LED light color decreases inflammation
|
Yellow
|
|
|
This LED light color is useful for hyperpigmentation
|
Green
|
|
|
the basic unit of all living things.
|
Cell
|
|
|
a colorless jellylike substance in which food elements are present.
|
Protoplasm
|
|
|
dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
|
Nucleus
|
|
|
all the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus.
|
Cytoplasm
|
|
|
encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
|
Cell Membrane
|
|
|
cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells.
|
Mitosis
|
|
|
chemical process that takes place in living organisms. *cells are nourished and carry out their activities*
|
Metabolism
|
|
|
constructive metabolism process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
|
Anabolism
|
|
|
the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones.
|
Catabolism
|
|
|
with its branches, supply the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
|
Ulnar Artery
|
|
|
with its branches, supply the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand.
|
Radial Artery
|
|
|
Solidified impactions of oil w/o cell matter. Often on nose.
|
Sebaceous filaments
|
|
|
all living things contain
|
carbon
|
|
|
smallest particle of an element that retains properties
|
atom
|
|
|
which part of an atom has a negative charge
|
electron
|
|
|
when two or more atoms are joined chemically it forms a
|
molecule
|
|
|
liquids
|
have a definite size but not shape
|
|
|
what is consitered a typeemical properties of matter
|
water
|
|
|
rusting iron and burning wood
|
chemical properties
|
|
|
when water turns to ice
|
undergoes physical change
|
|
|
the lightest element found on earth
|
hydrogen
|
|
|
water makes how much of the human body
|
65 percent
|
|
|
the relative degree of what is potential hydrogen
|
acidity and alkalinity
|
|
|
anything below a 7 is what
|
acidic
|
|
|
a ph of 10 is how much more alkaline than 7
|
1000 times
|
|
|
the skins protective barrier of certain forms of bacteria is called
|
acid mantel
|
|
|
the two types of chemical reactionsthat are important to estheticians are
|
acid-alkali oxidation-reduction
|
|
|
how do antioxidants prevent oxidation from occuring
|
neutralize free radicals
|
|
|
how many substances make up the physical mixtures of solutions and suspensions
|
two or more
|
|
|
an unstable mixture of two or more what substances
|
immiscible
|
|
|
suspensions are made up of what two or more substances
|
uniform mixtures
|
|
|
which is an example of a suspension
|
aerosol hair spray
|
|
|
which seperates over time
|
suspensions and emulsions
|
|
|
one end of the sufactent molecule is hydrophilic and the other is
|
lipophillic
|
|
|
o/w emoltions are often
|
milky free flowing
|
|
|
the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is called
|
combustion
|
|
|
The human body's daily funtioning is based on
|
chemical reactions
|
|
|
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of changes in
|
chemical properties
|
|
|
The lightest element on earth is
|
hydrogen
|
|
|
The most abundant element found on earth is
|
oxygen
|
|
|
Makes up 65% of the human body and covers 75% of the earth's surface
|
water
|
|
|
Is neutral on the pH scale
|
7
|
|
|
Number of substances that make up the physical mixtures of solutions, suspensions and emulsions
|
two or more
|
|
|
Type of mixture that creates suspensions of two or more substances
|
uniform mixtures
|
|
|
Type of emulsion in skin cleansers, moisturizers, and body washes
|
Oil in water emulsions
|
|
|
four-fifths of the air in our atmosphere is made up of this element
|
nitrogen
|
|
|
In w/o emulsions, droplets of water are surrounded by surfacants with their "heads" (hydrophilic ends) pointing ___ and their "tails" (lipophilic ends) pointing _____
|
in, out
|
|
|
This type of mixture makes solutions, suspensions and emulsions
|
physical mixture
|
|
|
Two or more atoms that are chemically joined together
|
molecule
|
|
|
Process ice melting to form water or water evaporating into steam
|
change of state
|
|
|
The potential hydrogen of a substance is its relative degree of
|
acidity and alkalinity
|
|
|
Anything below 7 on the pH scale is considered
|
acidic
|
|
|
A protective barrier of the skin
|
acid mantle
|
|
|
The three states of matter
|
solid, liquid and gas
|
|
|
Process in which antioxidants prevent free radical from occurring
|
Neutralization
|
|
|
In skin care preparation, surfacants
|
wet the skin, disperse o/w, emulsify o/w
|
|
|
The change of state of a substance without the formation of a new substance
|
physical change
|
|
|
Two type of chemical reactions that are important to Estheticians
|
acid-alkali neutralization and oxidation reduction
|
|
|
Droplets of oil are dispersed in water in this type of emulsion
|
oil in water
|
|
|
Two or more of this type of substance can only be united with an emulsifier to create an emulsion
|
immiscible
|
|
|
This type of matter has a definite size and shape
|
solid
|
|
|
This type of matter has a definite size but not a definite shape
|
liquid
|
|
|
Color, odor, weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, boiling point and hardness are all ____ traits of a substance
|
physical
|
|
|
A change in the chemical composition of a substance
|
chemical change
|
|
|
Represents a tenfold change in pH
|
change of 1 whole number
|
|
|
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by a production of heat and light
|
combustion
|
|
|
Solutions, suspensions and emulsions are differentited by the
|
size of particles and solubility of components
|
|
|
The types of substances are not mutually soluble
|
immiscible
|
