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64 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the plane of earth's orbit
ecliptic
time when sun is directly over the equator and moving north
vernal equinox
date of vernal equinox
21-Mar
latitude that has the sun directly overhead during the summer solstice
Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N)
latitude that has the sun directly overhead during the winter solstice
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S)
sun is directly over the equator and heading south
autumnal equinox
date of autumnal equinox
23-Sep
angle of tilt of the earth with respect to the sun
declination
regions where light and dark cycles are unusually short or long
Arctic and Antarctic Circles (66.5+ N/S)
name for the percentage of of incident radiation that is reflected back up from earth's surface
albedo
average percentage for the albedo of Earth
30%
which has a higher albedo: ice or oceans?
ice
name for the amount of radiation absorbed by a section of earth's surface
insolation
layer of earth's atmosphere where weather occurs
troposphere
rising and sinking of air in a circular manner above a large section of earth
convection cell
a device that measures air pressure
barometer
movement of air from high to low pressure
wind
are the following quantities high or low at the equator: precipitation, pressure
high precipitation, low pressure
the idea that the path of moving bodies change because of earth's rotation
coriolis effect
what direction do objects move in the southern and northern hemispheres due to the coriolis effect
left, right
a southwesterly wind blows in what direction
northeast
name the 3 convection cells from equator to pole
Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, polar cell
winds found from 0 to 30 degrees
trade winds
winds found from 30 to 60 degrees
prevailing westerlies
winds found from 60 to 90 degrees
polar easterlies
the zone between both belts of trade winds where sailors were sometimes stranded
doldrums/ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone)
dry boundary between trade winds and prevailing westerlies
horse latitudes
where did the horse latitudes get its name from
sailors cast horses overboard to conserve drinking water
cloudy, high precipitation boundary between prevailing westerlies and polar easterlies
polar front
wind that blows during the day from the ocean
sea breeze
wind that blows at night from the land
land breeze
strong cyclonic storms in the Atlantic Ocean
hurricanes
strong cyclonic storms in the Pacific Ocean
typhoons
measures the intensity of a hurricane; range?
saffir-simpson scale; 1-5
strong cyclonic storms in the Indian Ocean
cyclones
the rising coastal water associated with the hill of water built up by a hurricane
storm surge
deadliest natural disaster in United States history; year
hurricane that hit Galveston Island, Texas; 1900
ice covering polar seas
sea ice
sea ice broken up into discs by the wind
pancake ice
sheets of ice on the open sea
ice floes
chunks of ice that come from glaciers and break off by calving
icebergs
thick floating sheets of ice on the edge of Antarctica
shelf ice
what Soviet cruise ship hit an iceberg in the Arctic Ocean in 1989, but nobody died
Maxim Gorky
what luxury ship hit an iceberg and sank in the early 1912
RMS Titanic
mostly flat iceberg
tabular iceberg
tall iceberg
castle iceberg
what oceanographer led the search for Titanic
Robert Ballard
what umanned submersible first located Titanic in 1985
Argo
what was the first manned submersible to reach Titanic
Alvin
name 2 ice shelves on Antarctica
Ross Ice Shelf, Larsen Ice Shelf
gases that trap heat by absorbing infrared light and reemitting it in all directions
greenhouse gases
balance of heat across earth's surface
heat budget
top 4 greenhouses gases for their infrared-absorbing abilities
water, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
group of scientists studying the human effects on global warming
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
agreement of nations to limit greenhouse gas emissions
Kyoto Protocol
proposition to fertilize ocean with iron to increase productivity
iron hypothesis
who proposed fertilizing the ocean with iron in 1987
John Martin
where did early testing of the iron hypothesis occur
Galapagos Islands
SOFAR channel
sound fixing and ranging channel
layer at 1000 m where sound travels slower and farther and gets stuck in the layer
SOFAR channel
does sound travel faster in cold or warm water
warm water
ATOC
acoustic thermometry of ocean climate
experiment to measure the temperature of ocean water by measuring sound speeds
acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC)