<Essofocean8Ed> Chapter 14: Animals Of The Pelagic Environment

Front 1

which has more biomass: pelagic or benthic environment

Back 1

pelagic environment

Front 2

using a gas container to float at a certain depth

Back 2

neutral buoyancy

Front 3

cuttlefish that was the source of a brand of ink before alternatives were developed

Back 3

Sepia

Front 4

internal organ of some slow-moving fish that allows them to achieve neutral buoyancy

Back 4

swim bladder

Front 5

tube that carries air to the swim bladder, allowing for rapid gas input or output

Back 5

pneumatic duct

Front 6

microscopic zooplankton with silica shells and spikes in their tests

Back 6

radiolarians

Front 7

microscopic zooplankton with calcium carbonate shells

Back 7

foraminifers

Front 8

microscopic shrimplike crustaceans that are the most numerous form of zooplankton

Back 8

copepods

Front 9

small but macroscopic zooplankton belonging to crustacea

Back 9

krill

Front 10

phylum with stinging cells

Back 10

cnidaria

Front 11

gas chamber of portuguese man-o-wars

Back 11

pneumatophore

Front 12

stinging harpoons of cnidarians

Back 12

nematocysts

Front 13

how long can the largest jellyfish's tentacles get

Back 13

60 m

Front 14

what organ allows a squid to shoot water and propel itself forward

Back 14

siphon

Front 15

what 2 pairs of fins are used to turn, brake, and balance

Back 15

pectoral, pelvic fins

Front 16

what 2 pairs of fins are used for stability

Back 16

dorsal, anal fins

Front 17

what fin is used for thrust

Back 17

caudal fin

Front 18

type of caudal fin on swordfish used for steady propulsion

Back 18

lunate fin

Front 19

type of caudal fin on a shark that provides lift and is asymmetrical

Back 19

heterocercal fin

Front 20

5 main types of caudal fin

Back 20

rounded, truncate, forked, lunate, heterocercal

Front 21

2 types of fish based on the way they capture prey

Back 21

lungers, cruisers

Front 22

a red protein that carries oxygen in muscles

Back 22

myoglobin

Front 23

which type of muscle tissue is better for endurance: red or white; why

Back 23

red; holds more oxygen

Front 24

body temperature correlates with environmental temperature

Back 24

cold-blooded/poikilotherm/ectotherm

Front 25

body temperature is sustained internally

Back 25

warm-blooded/homeotherm/endotherm

Front 26

largest shark; what does it eat

Back 26

whale shark; plankton

Front 27

what shark species can live in saltwater and freshwater

Back 27

bull shark

Front 28

what deep-sea fish uses a modified dorsal fin to attract prey

Back 28

anglerfish

Front 29

large number of fish, squid, or shrimp forming a social grouping

Back 29

school

Front 30

fish organ that detects vibrations

Back 30

lateral line

Front 31

order of: sea otters, polar bears, seals, sealions, walruses

Back 31

order carnivora

Front 32

taxonomical group of walruses, seals, sealions

Back 32

pinnipedia (pinnipeds)

Front 33

marine mammal lacking blubber but has lots of fur

Back 33

sea otter

Front 34

what is the polar bear's typical method of hunting seals

Back 34

wait on ice until they come up to take a breath

Front 35

marine mammal with ivory

Back 35

walrus

Front 36

"eared seals" including the fur seal

Back 36

sea lions

Front 37

order of: manatees and dugongs (the sea cows)

Back 37

order sirenia

Front 38

manatee that went extinct in 1700s

Back 38

steller's sea cow

Front 39

what is the cause of many manatee deaths by humans

Back 39

boat collisions

Front 40

order of: whales, dolphins

Back 40

order cetacea

Front 41

suborder of toothed whales including sperm whales, dolphins, killer whales

Back 41

odontoceti

Front 42

suborder of whales with baleen including blue whale, finback whale, humpback whale, right whale

Back 42

mysticeti

Front 43

tail fin of cetaceans

Back 43

fluke

Front 44

how deep can sperm whales dive

Back 44

2800+ m

Front 45

sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs

Back 45

alveoli

Front 46

oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

Back 46

hemoglobin

Front 47

cetacean that makes the most sound

Back 47

sperm whale

Front 48

sickle-like shape of a dolphin's dorsal fin

Back 48

falcate

Front 49

"monkey's muzzle," which is the structure in sperm whales that makes clicking noises

Back 49

museau du singe

Front 50

whale organ that focuses sound by changing shape

Back 50

melon

Front 51

sperm whale organ that changes density depending on temperature allowing it to change its buoyancy

Back 51

spermaceti organ

Front 52

in toothed whales other than sperm whales, what generates sound

Back 52

blowhole

Front 53

using sound to determine the location of objects underwater

Back 53

echolocation

Front 54

detection distance of sperm whale's echolocation

Back 54

400 m

Front 55

who won the fight: killer whale or great white shark

Back 55

killer whale (orca)

Front 56

what is the protein that baleen plates are made of

Back 56

keratin

Front 57

called "wolves of the sea" because of their group hunting habits

Back 57

killer whales (orcas)

Front 58

why were right whales given their name

Back 58

they are the right whale to hunt because they float

Front 59

which suborder makes lower frequency sounds: mysticeti or odontoceti

Back 59

mysticeti

Front 60

what marine organism makes the longest migration of any known mammal; how long

Back 60

gray whale; 22,000 km

Front 61

in terms of percentage, what whale has experienced the greatest population decline as of now due to hunting

Back 61

right whale

Front 62

what species of whale was endangered, but was removed from the list when it bounced back

Back 62

gray whale

Front 63

electrical sensing organ in the head of some sharks

Back 63

ampullae of lorenzini