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3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Describe the structure and function of the 4 abdominal quadrants, including anatomy of internal organs and vascular structures and where these organs and structures are located in relation to your assessment.
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RLQ: contains iliac spine, cecum, illeocecal valve, ascending colon, appendix
RUQ: contains most of the liver, pancreas, R kidney, half of transverse colon LUQ: contains stomach, L kidney, half of transverse colon, part of pancreas and liver, spleen LLQ: contains iliac artery, sigmoid colon, descending colon |
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2. Describe the subjective data assessment for health information specific to GI assessment.
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Pain, appetite, dysphagia, food tolerance, nausea, vomiting, bowel movement, past abd hx, meds, nutrition
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3. Describe objective data assessment for GI assessment, elements and sequence of the abdominal exam including inspection, auscultation, percussion, & palpation. What are the normal findings for the GI exam? What are some examples of abnormal findings?
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Inspection: contour- round, flat, symmetry, umbilicus- midline, inverted, skin- smooth, even, homogeneous color, no lesions, pulsation/movement- pulsations over aorta, hair distribution- lower abd/pubic region, diamond shaped, inverted triangle, demeanor- relaxed, benign facial expression
Auscultation: bowel sounds, in all 4 quads, borborygmus= very active, vascular sounds should not be there, if so could be a bruit. Listen over aorta, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries, systolic bruit is always an abnormal finding. Listen for up to 5 min, start in RLQ. Percussion: normal to be tympany in all 4 quads, percuss lightly, should be dullness over organs. Abnormal finding are dullness over distended bladder, adipose tissue, fluid, mass, or hyperresonance with gaseous distention. Can percuss liver span, start right midclavicular line beginning in area of lung resonance and mark spot, next start abd where you’ll here tympany, mark spot when changes to dull, normal length is 6-12cm. CVA= costal vertebral angle, put one hand over 12th rib at costalvertebral angle on back, thump, normal to be no pain. Palpation: normal findings are no pain, tenderness or guarding with light palpation. Deeper palpation should be no presence of tenderness, masses, or organ enlargement. Liver, spleen, and kidneys shouldn’t be palpable |
