Essentials Of Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 5

Front 1

Arthritis

Back 1

Inflammation of the joints.

Front 2

Articulation (joint)

Back 2

The junction of two or more bones.

Front 3

Appendicular skeleton

Back 3

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.

Front 4

Osteon

Back 4

System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system.

Front 5

Joint (articulation)

Back 5

The junction of two or more bones.

Front 6

Canaliculus

Back 6

Extremely small tubular passage or channel.

Front 7

Metatarsal

Back 7

One of the five bones between the tarsus and the phalanges of the foot.

Front 8

Axis

Back 8

(1) the second cervical vertebra; has a vertical projection called the dens around which the atlas rotates; (2) the imaginary line about which a joint or structure revolves.

Front 9

Suture

Back 9

An immovable fibrous joing; with one exception, all bones of the skull are united by sutures.

Front 10

Lacrimal

Back 10

Pertaining to tears.

Front 11

Vertebral column (spine)

Back 11

Formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx).

Front 12

Cartilaginous joint

Back 12

Bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present.

Front 13

Fibrous joint

Back 13

Bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present.

Front 14

Metacarpal

Back 14

One of the five bones of the palm of the hand.

Front 15

Epiphysis

Back 15

The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft.

Front 16

Atlas

Back 16

The first cervical vertebra; articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and the second cervical vertebra (axis).

Front 17

Tendon

Back 17

Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone.

Front 18

Fontanels

Back 18

Fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accommodate brain growth in the fetus and infant.

Front 19

Synarthrosis

Back 19

Immovable joint.

Front 20

Synovial joint

Back 20

Freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity; also called a diarthrosis.

Front 21

Osteoclasts

Back 21

Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix.

Front 22

Hyaline

Back 22

Glassy; transparent.

Front 23

Reduction

Back 23

Chemical reaction in which electrons and energy are gained by a molecule (often accompanied by gain of hydrogen ions) or oxygen is lost.

Front 24

Shoulder girdle

Back 24

Composite of two bones, scapula and clavicle, that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton; also called the pectoral girdle.

Front 25

Intervertebral discs

Back 25

Discs of fibrocartilage between vertebrae.

Front 26

Bony thorax (thoracic cage)

Back 26

Bones that form the framework of the thorax; includes sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae.

Front 27

Diaphysis

Back 27

Elongated shaft of a long bone.

Front 28

Acromion

Back 28

The outer projection of the spine of the scapula; the highest point of the shoulder.

Front 29

Osteoblasts

Back 29

Bone-forming cells.

Front 30

Pelvis

Back 30

(1) Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx. (2) Expanded proximal portion of the ureter within the kidney.

Front 31

Skull

Back 31

Bony protective encasement of the brain and the organs of hearing and equilibrium; includes the facial bones. Also called the cranium.

Front 32

Articular capsule

Back 32

Double-layered capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane; encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint.

Front 33

Phalanges

Back 33

The bones of the finger or toe.

Front 34

Pectoral

Back 34

Pertaining to the chest.

Front 35

Foramen

Back 35

Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities.

Front 36

Acetabulum

Back 36

Cuplike cavity on lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the femur.

Front 37

Lacunae

Back 37

A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells.

Front 38

Haversian system

Back 38

See Osteon.

Front 39

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle

Back 39

Bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton; includes the clavicle and scapula.

Front 40

Pelvic girdle (hip girdle)

Back 40

Consists of the paired coxal bones that attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Front 41

Sacral

Back 41

The lower portion of the back, just superior to the buttocks.

Front 42

Diarthrosis

Back 42

Freely movable joint.

Front 43

Periosteum

Back 43

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Front 44

Osteoporosis

Back 44

Increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation.

Front 45

Amphiarthrosis

Back 45

A slightly movable joint.

Front 46

Osteocyte

Back 46

Mature bone cell.

Front 47

Axial skeleton

Back 47

The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.

Front 48

Palpation

Back 48

Examination by touch.