Essentials Of Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3

Front 1

Mitochondria

Back 1

Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities.

Hint 1

Powerhouses of the cell.

Front 2

Chromatin

Back 2

Structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).

Front 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 3

A nucleic acid found in all living cells; it carries the organism's hereditary information.

Front 4

Adipose

Back 4

fatty.

Front 5

Pinocytosis

Back 5

Engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells.

Front 6

Nucleus

Back 6

Control center of a cell; contains genetic material.

Front 7

Electrolytes

Back 7

Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current.

Front 8

Lysosomes

Back 8

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.

Hint 8

"Breakdown bodies"

"Suicide bags"

Front 9

Nucleoli

Back 9

Dense spherical bodies in the cell nucleus involved with ribosomal subunit synthesis and storage.

Front 10

Metastasis

Back 10

The spread of cancer from one body part or organ into another not directly connected to it.

Front 11

Microvilli

Back 11

Tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption.

Front 12

Cartilage

Back 12

White, semiopaque connective tissue.

Front 13

Lamina

Back 13

(1) A thin layer or flat plate: (2) the portion of a vertebra between the transverse process and the spinous process.

Front 14

Ribosomes

Back 14

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

Front 15

Mitosis

Back 15

Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Front 16

Extracellular matrix

Back 16

Nonliving material that separates the living cells in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers.

Front 17

Amino Acid

Back 17

Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; building block of protein.

Front 18

Solution

Back 18

An homogenous mixture of two or more components.

Front 19

Hypotonic

Back 19

Below normal tone or tension.

Front 20

Osmosis

Back 20

Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one.

Front 21

Intracellular fluid

Back 21

Fluid within a cell.

Front 22

Ligament

Back 22

Band of regular fibrous tissue that connects bones.

Front 23

Flagellum

Back 23

Long, whiplike extension of the plasma membrane of some bacteria and a sperm; propel the cell.

Front 24

Atrophy

Back 24

Reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use.

Front 25

Cytokinesis

Back 25

The division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucleus has divided.

Front 26

Centriole

Back 26

Minute body found near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division.

Front 27

Muscle fiber

Back 27

A muscle cell.

Front 28

Crenation

Back 28

The shriveling of a cell, for example an erythrocyte, resulting from loss of water.

Front 29

Cancer

Back 29

A malignant, invasive cellular neoplasm that has the capability of spreading throughout the body or body parts.

Front 30

Cytoplasm

Back 30

The cellular material surrounding the nucleus and enclosed by the plasma membrane.

Front 31

Tendon

Back 31

Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone.

Front 32

Active transport

Back 32

Membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided, e.g., solute pumping and endocytosis.

Front 33

Organelles

Back 33

Small cellular structures (ribosomes, mitochondria, and others) that perform specific metabolic functions for the cell as a whole.

Front 34

Hypertonic

Back 34

Excessive, above normal, tone or tension.

Front 35

Plasma membrane

Back 35

Membrane, composed of three lamina layers, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane.

Front 36

Basement membrane

Back 36

Extracellular material consisting of a basal lamina secreted by epithelial cells and a reticular lamina secreted by underlying connective tissue cells.

Front 37

Sex chromosomes

Back 37

The chromosomes, X and y, that determine genetic sex (XX=female; XY=male); the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Front 38

Connective tissue

Back 38

A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage, and protection.

Front 39

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Back 39

Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A, G, C, and U. Carries out DNA's instructions for protein synthesis.

Front 40

Pressure gradient

Back 40

Difference in hydrostatic pressure that drives filtration.

Front 41

Edema

Back 41

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling.

Front 42

Phagocytosis

Back 42

Engulfing of foreign solids by (phagocytic) cells.

Front 43

Gene

Back 43

One of the biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information.

Front 44

Passive transport

Back 44

Membrane transport processes that do not require cellular energy (ATP), e.g., diffusion which is driven by kinetic energy.

Front 45

Chromosomes

Back 45

Barlike bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.

Front 46

Diffusion

Back 46

The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles.

Front 47

Interstitial fluid

Back 47

Fluid between the cells.

Front 48

Goblet cells

Back 48

Individual cells (unicellular glands) that produce mucus.

Front 49

Solute

Back 49

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Front 50

Neoplasm

Back 50

An abnormal mass of proliferating cells; benign neoplasms remain localized; malignant neoplasms are cancers, which can spread to other organs.

Front 51

Hyaline

Back 51

Glassy; transparent.

Front 52

Epithelium (epithelial tissue)

Back 52

Pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands.

Front 53

Carcinogen

Back 53

Cancer-causing agent.