Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Data compiled by Factory Mutual Research Corporation indicates that about __% of all fires are controlled by the activation of ____________ sprinkler heads.
|
70%
five or fewer |
page 559
|
|
|
Protected premises fire alarm systems
|
Only alerts occupants of the need to evacuate the premises. Also known as local system.
|
page 559
|
|
|
Fixed-Temperature Heat Detection
|
Are set to alert when they detect a given temperature. They are the least expensive, least prone for accidental activation, but are also the slowest to activate. They detect heat by one or more of three primary principles of physics; expansion of heated material, melting of heated materials, and/or changes in resistance of heated material.
|
page 560
|
|
|
Fusible and frangible bulbs heat detectors
|
Work much like a sprinkler head, the link or bulb holds the electrical contacts apart, when enough temperature is reach that that link or bulb breaks the detector is activated. Many times must be replaced after use, no longer manufactured.
|
page 560-561
|
|
|
Continuous line heat detector
|
Two different types.
-One has a conductive metal inner core with a stainless steel tubing separated by an electrically insulated semiconductor material that keeps them from touching by a small flow of electricity. When a predetermined heat reaches it it interrupts and increases the flow electricity activating the alarm. Will reset itself after heat reduces. -Another type uses two insulated wires within an outer cover. When a predetermined temperature reaches the cord it melts the insulation allowing the cords to touch activating the alarm. To restore the area of wire must be replaced. |
page 561
|
|
|
Bimetallic heat detector
|
Two different types.
-One uses two metals that have different expansion rates, bonded together, and both ends are attached to alarm circuit. When heated one metal expands faster than the other causing the strip to arch or bend activating the detector. -Other type uses a snap disk to do the same principle. Will reset self when cooled, but should be check for damage. |
page 561-562
|
|
|
Rate-of-Heat Detectors
|
Activate when the temperature increases rather than at a fixed temperature. Usually set to signal when temperature rise exceeds 12 to 15 degrees per minute. If not damage will automatically reset.
|
page 562
|
|
|
Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
|
A dome-shaped air chamber with a small metering hole allows air to enter and exit the chamber during normal temperature change. In fire conditions the air expands faster than it can escape creating pressure in the dome, forcing the metal diaphragm against contact points and signaling the alarm.
|
page 562
|
|
|
Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector
|
Work much in the way that spot detectors do, however is able to cover wide areas. It consist of tubing arranged over a wide area that act in the same matter as the spot detector.
Refer to spot detector. |
page 562
|
|
|
Rate-compensated rate-of-rise t
|
Design for areas the are subject to normal temperature change. Consist of an outer metallic sleeve that encases two bowed struts that have a slower expansion rate with a electrical contact on them. In normal conditions they will not come in contact but under fire conditions the rapid heat change they will cause expansion to reduce the tension on the inner strips and allow contact, thus initiating the alarm.
|
page 563
|
|
|
Thermoelectric rate-of-rise detector
|
Design by twisting two wires of dissimilar metals together, when heated at one end an electrical current is generated at the other end. Rapid changes in temperature results in larger amounts of current flow and activation of the alarm.
|
page 563
|
|
|
Smoke detector
|
Respond to smoke initiate an alarm much quicker than a heat detector. Two basic types photoelectric and ionization.
|
page 563
|
|
|
Photoelectric smoke detector
|
Primary design is a beam from a "light source" to a receiver. When this is interrupted by smoke the beam can not reach the receiver and the alarm activates. Also refer to as visible products-of-combustion detector.
|
page 563-564
|
|
|
Ionization smoke detector
|
Uses combustion from smoke detected by a tiny amount of radioactive material in a chamber of the detector. Current flows through the chamber under normal conditions, when smoke enters it cause the chamber to be less conductive activating an alarm signal.
|
page 564
|
|
|
Batteries in smoke detectors should be replaced when
|
when you change your clocks in the spring and fall.
|
page 565
|
|
|
Flame detectors
|
Three basic types; those that detect ultraviolet wave spectrum or UV, those the detect infrared wave spectrum or IR, or those that detect both. They will activate to other bright light sources, and will not activate if view is obstructed.
|
page 565
|
|
|
Fire-gas detectors
|
Few are in use, designed to be sensitive only to the gases produced by specific types of hostile fires and to ignore those produced by friendly fires. Only carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be monitor for general fires.
|
page 566
|
|
|
Automatic Alarm System
|
Activates alarm to an off-site alarm carrier.
|
page 567
|
|
|
Auxiliary system
|
Three basic types; the local energy system, the shunt system, and the parallel telephone system. These transmit the alarm directly to the dispatch.
|
page 567-568
|
|
|
Remote station system
|
Similar to auxiliary it transmit directly to the dispatch.
|
page 568
|
|
|
Proprietary system
|
Used to protect large commercial and industrial building, high rises, and groups of commonly owned buildings to its own system and its own security.
|
page 569
|
|
|
Central station system
|
When an alarm is alerted and it is sent to an off-site, contracted service point where it dispatches or contacts dispatch.
|
page 569
|
|
|
Sprinkler coverage can consist of...
|
complete or partial coverage depending on building and authority having jurisdiction.
|
page 571
|
|
|
NFPA Standard 13
|
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
FYI:13D is for one and two family dwelling |
page 571
|
|
|
List common reasons for sprinkler system failure:
|
-Partially or completely closed main water control valve
-Interruption to the water supply -Damaged or painted sprinkler heads -Frozen or broken pipes -Excess debris or sediment in the pipes -Tampering and vandalism |
page 572
|
|
|
Riser
|
The vertical piping into which the sprinkler valve, one way check valve, FDC, alarm valve, main drain, and other components are attached.
|
page 572
|
|
|
Feed main
|
The pipe connecting the riser to the cross mains.
|
page 572
|
|
|
Cross main
|
The pipe connection the feed main to the branch line on which the sprinklers are attached. Cross mains extend past the last branch lines and are capped to facilitate flushing.
|
page 572
|
|
|
Deflector
|
Converts the standard 1/2" stream into water spray for more efficient extinguishment.
|
page 574
|
|
|
Quick-response mechanism
|
Develop for life safety purposes to offer an increase surface area to collect the heat generated by a fire faster thus activating much faster.
|
page 574
|
|
|
List and describe the 3 basic sprinkler head positions:
|
-Pendant-most common, which extends down from the underside of the pipe.
-Upright-sits on top of the piping. -Sidewall-extends from the side of a pipe and runs along wall using a fan-shaped patter of water. |
page 575
|
|
|
The function of changing a sprinkler head according to NFPA 13 and 13D is...
|
done by a representative(s) of the building's occupants who are qualified to perform the work on the system.
|
page 576
|
|
|
Control valve
|
Used to turn off the water supply to the system for maintenance. Should always be open after maintenance.
|
page 576
|
|
|
Retard chamber
|
Place that catches excess water from momentary water pressure surges.
|
page 577
|
|
|
Alarm test valve
|
Simulates the activation of the system by allowing water to flow into the retard chamber and operate the water flow alarm devices.
|
page 577-578
|
|
|
Inspector's test valve
|
Located in remote part(head outside, valve inside) on sprinkler system and is used to simulate the activation of one sprinkler head.
|
page 578
|
|
|
Water flow alarms
|
Hydraulic or electric, hydraulic just alerts occupants and other in immediate area that water is flowing in the system, which electric notifies a alarm company also.
|
page 578
|
|
|
A minimum water supply must be able to deliver the required volume of water to the highest sprinkler in the building at a residual pressure of _____.
|
15psi
|
page 578
|
|
|
The pumper supplying water to the FDC should have at least ________ or greater pumping capacity.
|
1,000 gpm
|
page 579
|
|
|
Wet-pipe system
|
Used in locations that will not be subject to temperatures below 40 degrees F and contain water under pressure at all times. Provides immediate discharge from sprinkler head.
|
page 580
|
|
|
Retard chamber
|
Reduces the chance of false water flow alarms by sending sudden surges of water to the "retard chamber."
|
page 580
|
|
|
Dry pipe system
|
Used in areas subject to freezing, all pipes are dry with air under pressure. When a sprinkler fuses, the air escapes and automatically opens to permit water into the pipes.
|
page 580
|
|
|
Preaction system
|
Used in areas where it is especially important to prevent water damage. The pipes are dry until a heat or smoke detection system activates.
|
page 581
|
|
|
Deluge system
|
Used in extra hazardous occupancies, and is design to provide the most water the fastest. All sprinkler heads are open. The pipes are dry until a detector or manual activation.
|
page 581-582
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 135F to 170F
|
Temp Classification: Ordinary
Color Code: Black or none Color of bulb: Orange or Red |
574
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 175F to 225F
|
Temp Classification: Intermediate
Color Code: White Color of bulb: Yellow or green |
574
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 250F to 300F
|
Temp Classification: High
Color Code: Blue Color of bulb: Blue |
574
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 325F to 375F
|
Temp Classification: Extra High
Color Code: Red Color of bulb: Purple |
574
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 400F to 475F
|
Temp Classification: Very Extra High
Color Code: Green Color of bulb: Black |
574
|
|
|
Sprinkler Head Temperature Rating 500F to above
|
Temp Classification: Ultra High
Color Code: Orange Color of bulb: Black |
574
|
