Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Atom
|
The smallest particle that exists as and element
|
|
|
Cleavage
|
The tendency of a mineral to break along plains of weak bonding
|
|
|
Color
|
A mineral characteristic that is unreliable. Impurities change color
|
|
|
Compound
|
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
|
|
|
Crystal Form
|
Expression of orderly arrangement of atoms. If space available
|
|
|
Electron
|
Negatively charged subatomic particle that has a negligible mass and is found outside of an atoms nucleus
|
|
|
Element
|
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. Building blocks of minerals. Periodic Table
|
|
|
Fracture
|
Any break or rupture in rock along which no appreciable movement has taken place. Minerals without cleavage exhibit fracture
|
|
|
Hardness
|
The resistance a mineral offers to scratching. Measured by Mohn's scale
|
|
|
Luster
|
Light refelcted on surface of a mineral. Metallic vs non metallic
|
|
|
Mineral
|
Neutrally occurring, inorganic, solids that possess a definite chemical structure. 4,000 minerals exist
|
|
|
Mineral Resource
|
Useful minerals that can be recovered for use
|
|
|
Mohn's scale
|
A series of 10 minerals used as a standard in detriming hardness
|
|
|
Neutron
|
A subatomic found in a nucleus of an atom
|
|
|
Nucleus
|
The small, heavy core of an atom that contians all of it's positive charges
|
|
|
Ore
|
Metallic minerals that can be mined for profit
|
|
|
Proton
|
A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
|
Reserve
|
Already identified depositis from which can be extracted profitably
|
|
|
Rock
|
A consolidated mixtue of minerals
|
|
|
Specific Gravity
|
Weight of a mineral compared to the weight of equal volume of H2O
|
|
|
Streak
|
The color of a mineral in powder form. More reliable than color
|
|
|
Bowen's Reaction Series
|
Shows sequence of mineral crystallization
|
|
|
Chemical Sedimentary of Rock
|
Sedimentary rock consisting of a material that was precipitated from water by either inorganic or organic means. Water is main agent of weathering
|
|
|
Chemical Weathering
|
Chemical processes alter rock material into different substances. Structure of minerals is altered by adding and removing elements
|
|
|
Coarse-Grained Texture
|
Cool slowly mass inter grown, identifiable crystals, can be seen with unaided eye
|
|
|
Contact Metamorphisism
|
Changes in rock caused by the heat from a nearby magma body. Molten material "bakes" surrounding rock
|
|
|
Crystallization
|
The formation and growth of a crystalline solid from a liquid or gas. Molten magma undergoes crystallization either beneath or at the surface to form igneous rocks
|
|
|
Detrital (Clastic) Sedimentary Rock
|
Products of chemical weathering. Solid particles that make up sedimentary rock and are classified by particle size. Shale (most abundant), siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate
|
|
|
Evaporite Deposit
|
A sedimentary rock formed of material deposited from solution by evaporation of the water
|
|
|
Extrusive (Volcanic)
|
Igneous activity that occurs outside the crust
|
|
|
Fine-Grained Texture
|
Cool rapidly at surface, crystals too small to be seen
|
|
|
Foliated Texture
|
A texture of a metamorphic rock that gives a layers appearance
|
|
|
Glassy Texture
|
A term used to describe the texture of certain igneous rocks, such as obsidian, that contain no crystals
|
|
|
Igneous Rock
|
A rock formed by the crystallization of molten magma
|
|
|
Intrusive (Plutonic)
|
Igneous rock that formed below the earth's surface
|
|
|
Lava
|
Magma that reaches earth's surface
|
|
|
Lithification
|
The process, generally cementation and/or compaction of converting sediments to solid rock
|
|
|
Magma
|
A body of molten rock found at depth, including any dissolved gasses and crystals
|
|
|
Mechanical Weathering
|
Rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces that retain chararistics of original material. This increases surface area for chemical attack
|
|
|
Metamorphic Rock
|
Rocks formed by the alteration of preexisting rock deep within the earth by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Low Grade: original features still visible. High Grade: original features obliterated
|
|
|
Nonfoilated Texture
|
Metamorphic rocks that do not exhibit foliation. Resemble coarse igneous rocks
|
|
|
Potphyritic Texture
|
An igneous texture consisting of large crystals embedded in the matrix of much smaller crystals
|
|
|
Regional Metamorphisism
|
Metamorphisim associated with the large- scale mountian-building process. Extensive areas, great volume of rock produced. Appalachian mountians
|
|
|
Rock Cycle
|
A model that illustrates the origin of the three basic rock types and their relationships. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
|
|
|
Sedimentary Rock
|
Rocks formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified
|
|
|
Sediment
|
Unconsolidated particles created by the weathering and erosion of rock, by chemical precipitation from solution in water, or from the secreations of organisms and transported by water, wind, or glaciers
|
|
|
Texture
|
The size, shape and distribution of the particles that collectively constitute a rock
|
|
|
Weathering
|
The response of materials (rocks) to a changing environment at or near contact with water, air or organisms
|
|
|
Ion
|
Charged atoms. Ions with opposite charges attract one another to produce neutral chemical compounds
|
|
|
Scientific Meathod
|
State the problem, Gather information, Form hypothesis, Test the hypothesis, Record and analyze data, Conclusion, Repeat the work
|
|
|
Theory
|
Well tested and widely accepted view that scientist agree that best explains certain observable facts
|
|
|
Longitude
|
Distance in degrees East and West of zero or prime meridian
|
|
|
Latitude
|
Distance in degrees North and South of the equator
|
