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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Groupthink? |
Definition: The tendency of average post-group responses to become more extreme in the same direction as the average of the pre-group responses. |
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What are the conditions of Groupthink? |
- a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. |
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What are the symptoms of Groupthink? |
a) illusion of unanimity b) illusion of invulnerability c) collective rationalizations d) direct pressure on dissenters e) self-appointed mind-guards f) self-censorship g) belief in the inherent morality of the group h) stereotyping of out-group |
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Causes |
Antecedent: Group homogeneity Social influence processes |
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Social comparison theory |
-We can choose to compare people at the top or bottom. (Upward or downward comparisons) -Evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others. |
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Persuasive arguments theory |
- a noninteractional theory of group decision-making that predicts postdiscussion shifts (polarization/choice shifts) from the cognitive arguments individuals generate prior to discussion. |
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Social identity theory |
-is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. socialclass, family, football team etc.) which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. |
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What did Cline find in her analysis of transcripts in Watergate scandal? |
-She found that there was an illusion of agreement without actually evidence to support the agreements. -Cline also found that in face of the odds, they would try to reach the goal of propping each other up -The people in Watergate were trying their best to not have any source of disagreement. - The strong pressure of agreement is so strong that it may led to self-destruction. |
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Review Cline’s research method. How did she measure unanimity and illusory agreement? |
-She used coding schemes for disproportionate agreements and agreements that are illusory. |
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What are possible interventions for Groupthink, and what are team leader’s roles in preventing Groupthink? |
- make sense people can disagree, allow any sorts of thoughts and ideas to be out, and share some ideas with others. |
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Define Group Polarization. Refresh your memory about risk-taking behavior. What are the causes and consequences of Group Polarization? |
-Definition: The tendency of average post-group responses to become more extreme in the same direction as the average of the pre-group responses. |
