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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many sections are in the ERG guide? |
6 sections - white - 9 DOT classes, containers - yellow - identify by 4 digit UN # - blue - identify by name of product - orange - response guide - green - evacuation or shelter in place - white - PPE, BLEVE, IED, glossary, phone #'s |
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What is in the first white section of the ERG? |
- how to use ERG - safety precautions - hazard classification - placards - railcar identification - pipeline identification/emergencies |
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What is in the yellow section of the ERG? |
- identify the product by it's 4 digit UN (united nation) number - products highlighted in "green" are TIH - products with "P" next to them can undergo violent polymerization if heated |
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What does it mean if products are highlighted in "green" in the yellow section of the ERG? |
- products are TIH (toxic inhalation hazard) - chemical warfare agent - dangerous WRM (water reactive material) |
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What should you do if a product name is highlighted in "green?" |
- turn directly to table 1 in the green section for isolation and evacuation - if there is a fire involved look at public safety area in the orange section. - if product is a TIH/WRM then look at larger evacuation area |
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What is located in the blue section of the ERG? |
- identifying the product by its name |
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What is in the orange section of the ERG? |
- potential hazards - fire/explosion - health - public safety - protective clothing - evacuation - emergency response - fire - spill or leak - first aid |
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What is in the green section of the ERG? |
- 3 tables - initial isolation and protective action distances - for small spills or large spills - in day or night (differentiated by sunset) *For spills of dangerous goods considered TIH & materials that are WRM (water reactive material) listed by (when spilled in water) |
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How does table 1 in the green section work? |
- initial isolation - protective action distances - provides first responders guidance until technically qualified personnel are available |
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What factors can change the protective action distance? pg. 285 |
- fire - instantaneous release of entire contents of a package (terrorism, sabotage or catastrophic accident) - more than 1 tank car containing TIH - atmospheric conditions - temperature |
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How can fire change the protective action distance? pg. 285 |
if material becomes involved in a fire, the toxic hazard may be less than the fire or explosion hazard. - the fire hazard distance should be used |
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How does a instantaneous release of the entire contents of a package affect the protective action distances? pg. 285 |
- distances may increase substantially - doubling the initial isolation and protective action distances is appropriate in the absence of other information |
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If more than 1 tank car containing TIH materials is involved in a leak, how can that affect the protective action distance? pg. 285 |
Large spill distances may need to be increased |
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How can atmospheric conditions affect protective action distances? pg. 285 |
- vapor plume is channeled in a valley or between many tall buildings, distances may be larger due to less mixing of plume with atmosphere - daytime spills with known inversions or snow cover or occuring near sunset, may require increase due to contaminants mixing and dispersing more slowly and may travel farther downwind = use night time PAD |
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How does temperature affect the protective action distances? pg. 285 |
- for liquid spills, if either the material or outdoor temperature exceeds 30 degrees C (86 degrees F), PAD may be larger |
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What happens when WRM which are also TIH are spilled in water? pg. 286 |
- can produce additional TIH materials - these materials are entered twice in the green section (spills on land & spills in water) - if unsure where or if in both, choose the larger of the two PAD |
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What is found in table 2 of the green section? pg. 286 & 344 |
- WRM that produce large amounts of TIH gases when spilled in water as well as the toxic gas that is produced when mixed - materials listed by ID number order - these WRM are located in table 1 with their name immediately followed by (when spilled in water) |
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What happens when a water reactive TIH producing material is spilled into a river or stream? pg. 286 |
the source of the toxic gas may move with the current and stretch from the spill point downstream for a substantial distance. |
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What does table 3 of the green sesction contain? pg. 286 & 352 |
- provides the initial isolation & protective action distances for the 6 most common TIH materials. - materials listed in alphabetical order - for large spills (more than 208 liters or 55 US gallons) - different container types (diff volumes) - day time & night time situations - for diff wind speeds |
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What are the 6 most common TIH materials? pg. 286 & 352 |
CHHASE (CHASE) C - Chlorine H - Hydrogen chloride/Hydrogen chloride refrigerated liquid H - Hydrogen fluoride A - Ammonia S - Sufur dioxide/sulphur dioxide E - Ethylene oxide * materials listed alphabetically |
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Protective action decision factors to consider whether to evacuate or shelter in place are? pg. 287 |
1. Dangerous Goods 2. The Population threatened 3. Weather conditions |
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What things are considered for "Dangerous Goods" factor in initial decision making? pg. 287 |
1. Dangerous Goods - degree of health hazard - chemical and physical properties - amount involved - containment/control of release - rate of vapor movement |
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What things are considered for "The population threatened" factor in initial decision making? pg. 287 |
2. The Population Threatened - location - number of people - time available to evacuate or shelter in-place - ability to control evacuation or shelter in-place - building types and availability - special institutions or populations, i.e. nursing homes, hospital, prisons |
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What things are considered for "Weather conditions" factor in initial decision making? pg. 287 |
3. Weather conditions - effect on vapor and cloud movement - potential for change - effect on evacuation or shelter in-place |
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What is protective action? pg. 288 |
steps taken to preserve the health and safety of emergency responders and the public during an incident involving releases of dangerous goods. |
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What are the different types of protective actions? |
1. Isolate Hazard & deny entry - 1st step, keep everybody away. Only protected emergency responders should be allowed into area. 2. Evacuate - move all people to safer place. Must have enough time to move them safely. 3. Shelter in place - seek shelter inside and remain there until danger passes. When evacuating could cause further risk, vital to remain in communication with people inside. |
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What is considered large vs small spills per the U.S. DOT HMIS (hazarous materials information system)? pg. 289 |
208 liters of liquid (55 US gallons) or 300 kg (660 pounds) or less are considered small spills - greater are considered large spills *exception are chemical warfare agents (small spills - 2 kg/4.4 lbs, large 25 kg/55 lbs) |
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When is atmospheric mixing less effective at dispersing vapor plumes? pg. 289 |
during nighttime |
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What is the cut off between day and night? pg. 289 |
Daytime - time periods after sunrise and before sunset Nighttime - all hours between sunset and sunrise |
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When directing people to move from an initial isolation area, which direction should you direct them? pg. 290 |
move in a crosswind direction away from the spill to the distance specified |
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When performing protective actions, where should you start? pg. 291 |
Begin with those closest to the spill site and working away from the site in a downwind direction. |
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The ERG is primarily designed for use at? pg. 356 |
- a dangerous goods incident occurring on a highway or railroad. - may be limited value at fixed facility locations. |
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The letter "P" following the material name is found in what sections and means what? pg. 356 |
- found in both yellow and blue sections - identifies materials which present a polymerization hazard under certain conditions. |
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Which section is the most important and why? pg. 357 |
- orange section - where all safety recommendations are provided - 62 individual guides - two-page format (left side = safety related information, right side = emergency response guidance and activities for fire situations, spill or leak - designed to cover a group of materials which possess similar chemical and toxicological characteristics |
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The orange section of the ERG is divided into what 3 sub sections? pg. 357 |
1. Potential hazards - fire/explosion & health effects upon exposure. (*highest potential is listed first) 2. Public Safety - immediate isolation, PPE, directs reader to consult green section for TIH, WRM 3. Emergency Response - actions including first aid prior to seeking medical care. |
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How does time of day affect the spread of a chemical? pg. 358 |
During the night - air is generally calmer and this causes the material to disperse less causing a greater toxic zone. During the day - more active atmosphere cause a greater dispersioin of hte material resulting in a lower concentration of the material in the air |
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What is a TIH? pg. 358 |
a gas or volatile liquid which is known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation. |
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Fighting flammable liquid fires require what? pg. 363 |
1. foam concentration which is chemically compatible with the burning material 2. correct mixing of foam concentrate with water & air 3. careful application and maintenance of the foam blanket |
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Allowing water to get inside a ruptured or leaking container with WRM inside can cause what? pg. 363 |
an explosion |
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What ways can you minimize the amount of vapors escaping from pools of spilled liquids? pg. 364 |
- special foams - absorbing agents - neutralizing agents |
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What is a BLEVE? pg. 364 |
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion - typically when dealing with LPG (liquefied petroleum gases) |
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LPGs include which flammable gases? pg. 364 |
- Butane - Butylene - Isobutylene - Propylene - Isobutane - Propane |
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What are the main hazards from a BLEVE? pg. 365 |
- fire - thermal radiation from the fire - blast - projectiles (furthest reaching hazard) |
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What is the minimum time to empty mean for a BLEVE? pg. 366 |
- based on engulfing fire with a properly sized relief valve. - if tank is only partially engulfed then time to empty will increase - if tank is 50% engulfed, tank with take twice as long to empty *assuming no thermal barrier or water spray |
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Tanks equipped with thermal barriers or water spray cooling can affect the possibility of a BLEVE how? pg. 366 |
- significantly increases the times to failure and times to empty. - thermal barrier can reduce heat input to a tank by a factor of ten or more, take 10x's as long to empty |
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The furthest reaching projectiles tend to come from where on a BLEVE? pg. 366 |
come off in the zones 45 degrees on each side of the tank ends. |
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What information is located in the back white section of the ERG? |
- info on how to use the ERG - BLEVE - CBRNE - IED - glossary of terms - important phone numbers |
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What does CBRNE stand for? pg. 368 |
Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive |
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Chemical incidents are characterized by? pg. 368 |
- rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) - easily observed signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and animals |
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Biological incidents are characterized by? pg. 368 |
- onset of symptoms in hours to days - usually no characteristic signatures - odorless and colorless - area may be greater due to movement of infected people |
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Radiological incidents are characterized by? pg. 368 |
- onset of sypmtoms, days to weeks or longer - usually no characteristic signatures - odorless and colorless - greater area due to infected moving *if used with "dirty bomb" or radiological dispersal device (RDD) could contaminate several blocks |
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Indicators of a possible chemical incident? pg. 368-369 |
- dead animals/birds/fish - lack of insect life - unexplained odors - unusual numbers of dying or sick people (mass) - pattern of casualties - downwind/by ventilation - blisters/rashes - illness in confined area - unusual liquid droplets - different looking areas - low lying clouds - unusual metal debris |
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Indicators of a possible biological incident? pg. 369 |
- unusual numbers of sick or dying people or animals - unscheduled and unusual spray being disseminated - abandoned spray devices |
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Indicators of a possible radiological incident? pg. 369 |
- radiation symbols - containers may display "propeller" or "trefoil" - unusual metal debris - heat emitting material - glowing material - sick people/animals (possibly skin reddening or vomiting) |
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What initial actions should you consider in a potential CBRN/Hazmat Terrorism event? pg. 371 |
- avoid using cell phones, radios, etc within 100 meters (300 feet) of a suspected device - NOTIFY your local PD - set up IC upwind, uphill, upstream of area - DO NOT touch or move suspicious packages/containers - be cautious regarding potential presence of secondary devices (IED's) - avoid contamination - limit access to only those responsible for rescue of victims or assessment of unknown materials or devices - evacuate & isolate people potentially exposed to dangerous goods/hazardous materials - isolate contaminated areas and secure the scene for analysis of material |
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Emergency respoders should follow what standard decontamination procedures? pg. 371 |
- flush - strip - flush - mass casualty should begin as soon as possible by stripping all clothing and flushing with soap and water. |
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Decon for biological agents? pg. 371 |
- most important decon is done within the first one or two minutes - further decon using a 0.5% hypochlorite solution (1 part household bleach mixed with 9 parts water) - contact time of 10 to 15 minutes before rinsing *can use on soft tissue wounds but do not use in eyes or open wounds to abdomen, chest, head, or spine |
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Decon for people exposed to radioactive material? pg. 371 |
- remove them to a low radiation area - remove their clothing and place in clear plastic bag, sealed for later - use decon measures as in biological/chemical but do not break the skin |
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Which guide number do you use for: 1. misc/unkown 2. explosives pg. 1 |
1. misc - guide 111 2. explosives - guide 112 (other than 1.4 & 1.6) explosives - guide 114 (1.4 & 1.6) |
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What do you do if a placard is the only source of information available to identify a material? pg. 1 |
turn to page 6 & 7 in the ERG where a 3 digit guide number will be provided for the orange section. |
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What do you do if only the container can be identified and no placards or numbers are available? pg. 1 |
turn to pages 8 & 9 in the ERG for rail car and road trailer identification chart which has 3 digit numbers for guides in the orange section. *scenarios for these are worst case. |
